AP European History Chapter 12 Questions and Answers Rated A+

AP European History Chapter 12 Questions and Answers Rated A+ Renaissance characteristics Urban society, focused on individual (individualism), rebirth of classical culture (humanism) and secularism First Estate Anyone w/religious occupation Second Estate Nobles Third Estate Everyone else (i.e. peasants, merchants, artisans, etc.) Commercial revolution Sudden economic boom in 14th century, sparked by the Crusades Hanseatic League Commercial and military league of Northern Europe, monopoly on timber, fish, grain, metals, etc. Florence Prosperous city-state in Italy during Renaissance, part of 5 major city-states Baldassare Castiglione Wrote "Courtier", book on expectation of nobles. Three main expectations;1—native endowments (grace, talent, etc.) 2—classical education and military exercise; 3—standard of conduct Slavery in the Renaissance Arose after plague, which caused decrease in labor. Slaves were used as skilled labor, concubines, etc. Declined at the end of 15th century, when it was feared that slaves were "dangerous" Marriage Usually arranged, used as political/business moves rather than out of love5 Major City-States Milan, Venice, Florence, Naples, and Papacy States Great Schism Conflict in the Church when three different men declared themselves the pope and excommunicated each other Medici Powerful family of Florence, controlled government and had a successful banking house Duke of Urbino A condotierri and patron of the Renaissance culture Isabella d'Este Political figure, intelligent, also patron of Renaissance, ruled Mantua while her husband, Francesco Gonzaga, was away Peace of Lodi Peace agreement between Milan, Naples, and Florence. Put an end to struggles between expansive Milan and Florence. Habsburg/Valois Wars Wars between Habsburg Family of Spain and Valois Family of France over Italy. Habsburg won, took over Italy