EMT test 1 chapters 1-15 questions and answers 100% correct verified

why is 1966 important DOT charged with devolping EMS standards the white paper was published whats the white paper accidental death and disabilty the neglected disease of modern society state of emergency care was poor many people died on highways and this was a turning point for ems 4 national levels of EMS providers emergency medical responder (first responder) emergency medical technician (emt basic) advanced emergency medical technician (emt intermediate) paramedic (emt paramedic) who is responsible for EMS at federal level DOTs National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA who is responsible for EMS system as a whole medical director who is responsible for care of the patient YOU the EMT pathogen any organism that can cause infection and is contagious parts of scene size up body substance isolation BSI scene safety nature of illness NOI mechanism of injury MOI # of patients additional resources c-spine precautions primary assessment used to focus and fix life threats ABC steps: form general impression assess mental status asssess airway assess breathing assess circulation determine patient priority c spine secondary assessment 4 paths 2 medical and 2 trauma rapid and focused comprised of: histories history of present illness (HPI) (OPQRST) usually medical Past medical history (PMH) (SAMPLE) physical exams baseline vitals detailed exam (as time allows) start of DDX and care plan Reassessment process continues on initial steps of assessment (is initial and more) identtifies trends and changes (deteriorating/improving) do primary assessment and focused assessment over again reasses stable patients every 15 min Q15 reasses unstable or potentially unstable patients every 5 Q5 Detailed assessment do in ambulance on way to hospital if time allows gathers additional info complete primary and secondary assessment again components similar to rapid trauma exam (more detail and focus) DCAP/BTLS used during physical exam for trauma patients (sig MOI) Deformities Contusion Abrasion Punctures/pentrations Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling AVPU Alert Verbal response Painful response Unresponsive alert- patient is interating with you and environment oriented is different than alert CAO- concious alert oriented person place time event structures of upper airway begins at mouth and nose then goes to pharynx (oro, naso, laryngo) ends at glottic opening structures of lower airway begins below larynx (glottic opening) then goes to trachea then brachial passages then alveoli rules for suctioning suction only as far as you can see suction only on way out and in circular motion do not lose sight of distal end carefully insert and try not to hit anything suction until airway is clear how to open airway head tilt chin lift jaw thrust (c-spine) kids in neutral (towel under shoulder) how to asses airway if talking airway is open finding inadequate breathing problems sniffing position rapid trauma exam do if unresponsive, AMS, sig MOI, multiple injuries, multiple body systems Steps: c spine if needed head (crepitation, blood for nose, ears, mouth) neck (step off, JVD, trachial deviation, apply collar) chest (paradoxial movement, crepitation, breath sounds) abdomen (4Qs, firmness/rigidity, distension, pulsating masses) extremities (pulse, motor sensation) log roll to asses posterior (imbolize and reasses PMS) SAMPLE base line vitals (in route) hypoxia def of O2 reaching tissue changes in color of skin (blue) confusion cough fast HR rapid breathing SOB sweating wheexing treat by giving O2 vascular structures arteries go away from the heart and generally carry oxygenated blood veins carry oxygen depleated blood to heart cappilaries are tiny blood vessels between arteries and veins that distribute O2 rich blood to the body (nutrients move into cells waste products out of cells back into capilaries back to veins to heart) SAMPLE S&S Allergies Meds (PORSH) (Prescription, Over the counter, Recreation, Supplements, Herbal) Pertinant PMH Last oral intake Events leading OPQRST Onsent (sudden vs gradual) Provocation/ palliation (makes better or worse) Quality (describe feeling) Radiation (does pain spreed is it pinpoint) Severity (0-10) Time (general time line of when it occured) trending the use of more than 1 set of vital signs to detect changes in patients condition CISM critical incident stress managment education and resources to prevent stress CISD critical incident stress debriefing helps responders defuse after incident QA quality assurance