Essentials of Patho Exam 1 - Rasmussen 2022

How does rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition, manifest? - ANSWER-Chronic inflammation in affected joints 1. Inflammation is a protective mechanism that protects the body when injured. What are the symptoms? (Select all that apply) - ANSWER-Pain, loss of function, heat, redness, swelling What chemical does the body release during a stress response? - ANSWEREpinephrine What electrolyte imbalance would you see in a client with muscle tetany, positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs? - ANSWER-Calcium Osteosarcoma is one of the cancers of the bone. Which of the following describes osteosarcoma? - ANSWER-Extremely malignant The bones serve as a reservoir for which electrolyte? - ANSWER-Calcium What are the 5 P's of compartment syndrome? - ANSWER-Paresthesia, pallor, pain, paralysis, pulselessness What are matured monocytes that migrate from the blood into tissues and engulf foreign substances called? - ANSWER-Macrophages 1. Which of the following effects does histamine, an inflammatory mediator, have on the body? - ANSWER-It causes the blood vessels to dilate What happens to a client with muscular dystrophy? - ANSWER-Progressive loss of muscle tissues Which of the following best describes the movement of water between the interstitial and intracellular compartments? - ANSWER-Osmosis What causes osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease? - ANSWER-The progressive loss of joint function due to "wear and tear" What is the best way to prevent the transmission of infectious agents? - ANSWERWash hands What typically causes contact dermatitis? - ANSWER-Contact with a skin allergen Fluid volume deficits may result from which of the following? - ANSWER-Vomiting and diarrhea Extracellular fluid contains higher concentrations of which of the following? - ANSWERSodium and chloride A client presents with a single fracture straight across the bone without a break in alignment, as shown in the image. What is this fracture called? - ANSWER-Simple transverse fracture The nurse observes redness and feels warmth in an area of cellulitis. What is the direct cause of these clinical manifestations? - ANSWER-Increased blood flow to the area Which of the following topics are components of pathophysiology? (Select all that apply) - ANSWER-Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, treatment implications, etiology What is associated with psoriatic arthritis? - ANSWER-Psoriasis Which of the following causes gout? - ANSWER-Excessive uric acid metabolism What is the function of mitochondria within the cells? - ANSWER-Produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy What is one of the properties of cancer cells? - ANSWER-The ability to invade local tissue and overrun neighboring cells A client presents to the emergency department after sustaining burn injuries to her hands and forearms. She has blisters. What type of burn is this? - ANSWER-Seconddegree burn Intracellular fluid contains higher concentrations of which of the following? - ANSWERPotassium What immunoglobulin mediates the Type I hypersensitivity reactions? - ANSWER-IgE Why is fibromyalgia frequently a misunderstood disorder? - ANSWER-The client has pain but no specific diagnostics A client has a potassium of 1.8 mEq/L. Which of the following is a potential complication of this electrolyte imbalance? - ANSWER-Cardiac arrhythmias Which of the following symptoms describe complications of compartment syndrome? - ANSWER-Pain and tissue damage Shingles is a disorder of herpes zoster and has which of the following clinical manifestations? - ANSWER-Eruption of vesicles along