ENPC-Trauma/Shock Complete Study With The
Latest Updates 2022
Major risks for pediatric burns Correct Answer: 1. Hyperkalemia
2. Infection
3. Fluid loss
Urine output goal for kids with burns Correct Answer: 0.5-2 ml/kg
Parkland formula for fluids Correct Answer: TBSA burned x childs wt in kg x 4 = number of ml to be
infused in 24 hrs. Give first half in first 8 (start at time of injury) then second 1/2 over the next 16
hours.
Cushing Triade Correct Answer: Assessment used in trauma pts: bradycardia, hypotension alteration
of respirations (suggestive of spinal cord injury)
Basilar skull fracture sx Correct Answer: 1. Hemotypanums = disruptions of cranial nerve 7 and 9
2. Raccoons eyes (ecchymosis below eyes)
3.Battles sign ( postsurgical ecchymosis)
Normal ICP in children and infants Correct Answer: 1. Infants: 2-6
2. Children 3-7
Sx of increased ICP Correct Answer: slurred speech, lethargy, posturing, seizures, ataxia while
crawling, walking etc.
Linear skull fracture Correct Answer: occurs from low energy blunt trauma over service of skull
Sx: tenderness and swelling over indicated area
Basilar skull fracture Correct Answer: fracture of base of skull (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid’s, temporal
or occipital) leads to CSF leak and possible infection.
Sx of decompensated shock Correct Answer: widespread edema, tachycardia, DIC, urine in feces,
decreased urine output less than 1mg/kg/hr, petechial in extremities, hypotension, narrow pulse
pressure progressing to wide pulse pressure, delayed cap refill.
Sx of warm shock Correct Answer: cap refill less than 2 sec, bounding pulses, flushed, hot
extremities, normotensive, widespread vasodilation
Sx of cold shock Correct Answer: delayed cap refil greater than 3 sec, bounding pulses, cool
extremities, pallor, mottled extremities, wide pulse pressure.
Hypovolemic shock increases Correct Answer: Fluid bolus 20ml/kg, , packed red blood cells,
vasoconstrictors
Latest Updates 2022
Major risks for pediatric burns Correct Answer: 1. Hyperkalemia
2. Infection
3. Fluid loss
Urine output goal for kids with burns Correct Answer: 0.5-2 ml/kg
Parkland formula for fluids Correct Answer: TBSA burned x childs wt in kg x 4 = number of ml to be
infused in 24 hrs. Give first half in first 8 (start at time of injury) then second 1/2 over the next 16
hours.
Cushing Triade Correct Answer: Assessment used in trauma pts: bradycardia, hypotension alteration
of respirations (suggestive of spinal cord injury)
Basilar skull fracture sx Correct Answer: 1. Hemotypanums = disruptions of cranial nerve 7 and 9
2. Raccoons eyes (ecchymosis below eyes)
3.Battles sign ( postsurgical ecchymosis)
Normal ICP in children and infants Correct Answer: 1. Infants: 2-6
2. Children 3-7
Sx of increased ICP Correct Answer: slurred speech, lethargy, posturing, seizures, ataxia while
crawling, walking etc.
Linear skull fracture Correct Answer: occurs from low energy blunt trauma over service of skull
Sx: tenderness and swelling over indicated area
Basilar skull fracture Correct Answer: fracture of base of skull (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid’s, temporal
or occipital) leads to CSF leak and possible infection.
Sx of decompensated shock Correct Answer: widespread edema, tachycardia, DIC, urine in feces,
decreased urine output less than 1mg/kg/hr, petechial in extremities, hypotension, narrow pulse
pressure progressing to wide pulse pressure, delayed cap refill.
Sx of warm shock Correct Answer: cap refill less than 2 sec, bounding pulses, flushed, hot
extremities, normotensive, widespread vasodilation
Sx of cold shock Correct Answer: delayed cap refil greater than 3 sec, bounding pulses, cool
extremities, pallor, mottled extremities, wide pulse pressure.
Hypovolemic shock increases Correct Answer: Fluid bolus 20ml/kg, , packed red blood cells,
vasoconstrictors
