NR 507-week 3 quiz advanced pathophysiology

1 Question 1 2 / 2 pts Question 2 2 / 2 pts Question 3 2 / 2 pts Advanced Pathophysiology Week 3 Quiz Clinical manifestations of mild to moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia? Sideroblastic Aplastic Pernicious Iron deficiency Mild to moderate enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) and liver (hepatomegaly) occurs. Occasionally, abnormal skin pigmentation (bronze colored) is seen. Heart rhythm disturbances, along with congestive heart failure, are major life-threatening complications related to cardiac iron overload. What is the pathophysiologic process of aplastic anemia? Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated immunoglobulins Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T cells Most cases of AA result from an autoimmune disease directed against hematopoietic stem cells. Cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) appear to be the main culprits. Pernicious anemia generally requires continued therapy lasting 6 to 8 weeks. the rest of one’s life. until the iron level is normal. 8 to 12 months. 2 Question 4 2 / 2 pts Question 5 2 / 2 pts Question 6 2 / 2 pts PA cannot be cured, so maintenance therapy is lifelong. Symptoms of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of destruction of erythrocytes. increased blood viscosity. neurologic involvement. a decreased erythrocyte count. As the disease progresses many of the symptoms are related to the increased blood cellularity and viscosity. The body compensates for anemia by capillary vasoconstriction. kidneys release more erythropoietin. hemoglobin holds on to oxygen more firmly. increasing rate and depth of breathing. Tissue hypoxia creates additional demands and compensatory actions on the pulmonary and hematologic systems. The rate and depth of breathing increase in an attempt to increase the availability of oxygen. In hemolytic anemia, jaundice occurs only when the patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen. the erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin. Jaundice (icterus) is present when heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. 3 Question 8 2 / 2 pts Question 9 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is a description consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)? It is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal, fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. The bone marrow and peripheral blood are characterized by leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. There is failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. What change is seen in leukocytes during an allergic disorder (type I) often caused by asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions? Eosinophilia Monocytosis Neutrophilia Basophilia Allergic disorders (type I hypersensitivity) associated with asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions, as well as parasitic infections (particularly with metazoal parasites) are often cited as causes. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is described as a(n) IgG immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. IgE-mediated allergic drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. hematologic reaction to heparin in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient platelets to meet the body’s needs. Question 7 2 / 2 pts