HESI - Anatomy & Physiology practice test

What are the four fundamental tissues ? - Epithelial,connective,muscle,nervous Epithelial Tissue ? - Cover, line, and protect the body and its internal organs. Connective tissue ? - Is the framework of the body which provides support and structure for the organs. Nerve Tissue ? - Composed of neurons and connective tissue cells (Neuroglia). Muscle Tissues ? - Have the ability to contract or shorten Function of the nucleus ? - Carries DNA Function of Ribosomes ? - Important for the synthesis of proteins Mitosis ? - DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly between two daughter cells. Meiosis ? - Cell division where 46 chromosomes are reduced to 23 so they zygote has the correct number of chromosomes. What is the largest organ in the body ? - Skin How many layers does the skin consist of ? - Two : Dermis & Epidermis Epidermis ? - The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells. Dermis ? - The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures. What are the layers of the Epidermis from outer layer to inner layer ? - Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum (Inner most layer). What are the two parts of the Germinativum (Innermost layer of the Epidermis) ? - Stratum basale & Stratum spinosum Where does mitosis occur ? - Stratum Germinativum Epidermal cells contain the protein pigment called _______ ? - Melanin What is the function of melanin ? - Protects against radiation from the sun What is the dermis composed of ? - fibrous connective tissue