Florida K-6 Subject Area Exam (Language Arts) Already Passed

Florida K-6 Subject Area Exam (Language Arts) Already Passed Fluency the rate of words read per minute with a high comprehension Comprehension a reader's understanding and retention of the text Tone the author's attitude in text Syntax the way the writer structures the words and grammar in a sentence Inductive Reasoning reasoning that moves from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. i.e. inquiry or discovery lessons that promote higher-order thinking and creativity in problem solving Deductive Reasoning reasoning that moves from the more general to the more specific Poetry is written in __________. verse Prose (not poetry) is written in __________. paragraphs Verse is a section of a poem, an arrangement of lines Stanza a group of lines with certain order and arrangment Free Verse unrhymed lines in a poem Meter the stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem The pattern of meter, creates the poem's _________. rhythm Imagery a literary device, the description of the sights, sounds, smells, and words that engage all the senses Diction a literary device, the language of the characters that should reveal their character Norm-Referenced Tests compares performance of a group (i.e. all 3rd graders) Performance Based Test assesses students on how well they perform certain tasks Authentic Assessment tests that apply student knowledge in meaningful and real-world applications (i.e. projects, observations, etc.) Formative Assessment occurs during the learning process Criterion-Referenced Tests all students can score 100% if they meet the criteria on the test (most teacher's tests are this) Story Maps students use pictures or text to map out the parts of a story Cloze Test passage with omitted words that the student must fill in, test comprehension Pluralism accepts cultrures the way they are Neurological Imprint Method (NIM) a method for improving reading when an adult sits with a child, holding the same book, pointing to the words as they both read them aloud Dolch Reading List sight words, the most frequently used words from preschool to 3rd grade Morpheme In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) Grapheme The smallest part of written language (i.e. an alphabetic letter) that represents a phoneme (sound) Phoneme In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit Emergent Reading Stage (birth - 5 years old) students make the transition from speaking to reading and writing with support from others Developing Reading Stage (1st - 2nd grades) the child becomes more independent in reading ability. the child practices decoding words Transitional Reading Stage (3rd grade and up) the child can read independently and practice new reading skills. the teacher is still there to help the child when needed Language Experience Approach (LEA) a way to develop student's langauge, a student talks about a personal experience or event, learn that they can say a story, then they can write a story, then read their story to others Phonological Awareness conscious awareness of the reader to recognize the sound of language, and recgonizing the visual representation of sounds (i.e. that the letter "a" makes an "a" sound) Phonics the ability to sound out words and decode them, recognizing the connection between graphemes and phonemes, Involves teaching children to connect sounds with letters or groups of letters. Example: (K) can be represented by C, K, or Ch spellings Alphabetic Principle the understanding that words are made of graphemes (letters), which represent phonemes (sounds) Metaphor A figure of speech that compares two things without using a comparing word like or as (i.e. it's raining cats and dogs) Simile A figure of speech that comares two things using like or as (i.e. He is hungry as a horse) Hyperbole A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor Oxymoron A figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms (i.e. cold fire) Alliteration Repetition of initial consonant sounds (i.e. peter piper picked a ...) Assonance Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words (i.e. It's true, I do like Sue) Onomatopoeia A word that imitates the sound it represents (i.e. buzz of a bee) Malapropism the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar (i.e. "patience is a virgin", should be "patience is a virtue") SQ3R A study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review Double-Entry Journals help students make personal connections to text/take notes while reading; left side is quotes, right side is response to quotes Decoding sounding out words, the ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words Pre-Alphabetic Relies on visual cues to help read words. Usually pre-k stage. (ex.- knowing McDonald's b/c of the golden arches) Partial Alphabetic Kindergartners & novice first grade readers, often use guessing strategies to read words, weak at decoding because all letter sounds are not yet known Full-Alphabetic good understanding of connection between graphemes and phonemes, can decode letter by letter and spell phonetically Components of Reading Fluency Accuracy, automaticity, rate, prosody Prosody Appropriate expression when reading (knowing to sound excited at an exclamation point, or voice goes up at a question mark) Syntactic Awareness the ability to know whether a sentence is grammatically correct Holistic Assessment Assessment based on grading an assignment by looking at the piece as a whole, an overall assessment Science Fiction A type of fantasy that uses science and technology. (Robots, time machines, etc.). Historical Fiction A type of realistic fiction that takes place in a particular time period in the past. the characters are made up from the author's imagination, but the setting is real and historically accurate Important Characteristics of Penmanship (1) Legibility, (2) Slant, (3) Line Quality, and (4) Spacing Listening Skills 3 step process of hearing (receiving), learning (attending), and assigning meaning.