Pharmacology Exam 1- Rasmussen (Answered)
Drugs that PRODUCE a response
agonist
Drug that PREVENT or block a response
antagonist
Therapeutic WINDOW is what?
level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug response and the minimal toxic concentration
The time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body is called?
half life
what is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for?
accumulation and toxicity
a decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy, which may lead to the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect
tolerance
what is it called for drugs to share many common features
classification or class
what makes drugs fit into the same "Class"
-related by chemical structure
-work in the same way
-used for the same purpose
another name for antagonist
adrenergic blocker
who do you NOT give antagonist or adrenergic blocker to?
asthma client
Beta Blockers commonly seen in what clients?
hypertension
antagononist suffix
LOL
antagonist S/S
decreased heart rate
rest and digest
bronchospasm
agonist S/S
increased heart rate
fight or flight
vasoconstriction
increased blood sugar
Before administering antagonist what do you check
Heart rate
Blood Pressure
Cholinergic salivate
lacrimation
urinate
deficate
decreased weight
Anticholinergic
Cant see
Cant pee
Cant spit
Cant poop
increased heart rate
what type of drug is Reglan?
Cholinergic
how do you treat cholinergic crisis
atropine
cholinergic crisis S/S
flushing
sweating
nausea
abd cramping
anticholinergic drugs are contradicted in who?
-coronary artery disease (Increase heart rate)
-GI obstruction (constipates)
-supraventricular tachycardia (increased heart rate)
CNS stimulant drugs are contradicted in who?
-coronary artery disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)
-Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke)
Hemorrhagic stroke
-increased B/P
-increased heart rate
-increased respiratory rate
-unresponsive to deep pain
Anorexiants can leas to what?
16X greater for stroke
Most common side effects of Ritalin
-irratability
-insomnia
-weight loss
-decreased appetite
Benzodiazapines increase activity to what neurotransmitter
GABA
Reversal to benzodiazapines
flumazenil
Ambien Side effects
-sedative/hypnotic
-suicidal ideation -dependence
-abnormal behavior
Drug of choice for treating status epilepticus
diazepams
Dilantin can do what?
-cause gum disease
-treat seizures
-cause high blood pressure
-cause birth defects
-decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants
When a client is on Dilantin what are some nursing interventions?
-monitor for narrow therapeutic index (frequent blood test)
-take as prescribed
-oral care
-teach pt to use barrier contraceptives along with oral
What is therapeutic level for Depakote?
40-100
If Depakote levels are high (>100) what needs to be done?
-hold medication
-check liver function (blood test)
-discuss with physician
-neuro assessment
-check vitals
what does Depakote treat?
-epilepsy
-migraine
-bipolar disorder
Benzodiazapines can lead to what?
-tolerance
-dependence
-withdrawl
Barbituates reversal tx
activated charcoal
Example of a Barbituates?
phenobarbital
what disease process goes with "dopamine depletion"
parkinsons' disease
what disease process goes with "rigidity"
Parkinson's disease
what disease process goes with "Confusion"
Alzheimers
what disease process goes with "bradykinesia"
Parkinson's disease
what disease process goes with "memory loss"
Alzheimers
what disease process goes with "Acetylcholine accumulation"
Drugs that PRODUCE a response
agonist
Drug that PREVENT or block a response
antagonist
Therapeutic WINDOW is what?
level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug response and the minimal toxic concentration
The time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body is called?
half life
what is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for?
accumulation and toxicity
a decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy, which may lead to the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect
tolerance
what is it called for drugs to share many common features
classification or class
what makes drugs fit into the same "Class"
-related by chemical structure
-work in the same way
-used for the same purpose
another name for antagonist
adrenergic blocker
who do you NOT give antagonist or adrenergic blocker to?
asthma client
Beta Blockers commonly seen in what clients?
hypertension
antagononist suffix
LOL
antagonist S/S
decreased heart rate
rest and digest
bronchospasm
agonist S/S
increased heart rate
fight or flight
vasoconstriction
increased blood sugar
Before administering antagonist what do you check
Heart rate
Blood Pressure
Cholinergic salivate
lacrimation
urinate
deficate
decreased weight
Anticholinergic
Cant see
Cant pee
Cant spit
Cant poop
increased heart rate
what type of drug is Reglan?
Cholinergic
how do you treat cholinergic crisis
atropine
cholinergic crisis S/S
flushing
sweating
nausea
abd cramping
anticholinergic drugs are contradicted in who?
-coronary artery disease (Increase heart rate)
-GI obstruction (constipates)
-supraventricular tachycardia (increased heart rate)
CNS stimulant drugs are contradicted in who?
-coronary artery disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)
-Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke)
Hemorrhagic stroke
-increased B/P
-increased heart rate
-increased respiratory rate
-unresponsive to deep pain
Anorexiants can leas to what?
16X greater for stroke
Most common side effects of Ritalin
-irratability
-insomnia
-weight loss
-decreased appetite
Benzodiazapines increase activity to what neurotransmitter
GABA
Reversal to benzodiazapines
flumazenil
Ambien Side effects
-sedative/hypnotic
-suicidal ideation -dependence
-abnormal behavior
Drug of choice for treating status epilepticus
diazepams
Dilantin can do what?
-cause gum disease
-treat seizures
-cause high blood pressure
-cause birth defects
-decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants
When a client is on Dilantin what are some nursing interventions?
-monitor for narrow therapeutic index (frequent blood test)
-take as prescribed
-oral care
-teach pt to use barrier contraceptives along with oral
What is therapeutic level for Depakote?
40-100
If Depakote levels are high (>100) what needs to be done?
-hold medication
-check liver function (blood test)
-discuss with physician
-neuro assessment
-check vitals
what does Depakote treat?
-epilepsy
-migraine
-bipolar disorder
Benzodiazapines can lead to what?
-tolerance
-dependence
-withdrawl
Barbituates reversal tx
activated charcoal
Example of a Barbituates?
phenobarbital
what disease process goes with "dopamine depletion"
parkinsons' disease
what disease process goes with "rigidity"
Parkinson's disease
what disease process goes with "Confusion"
Alzheimers
what disease process goes with "bradykinesia"
Parkinson's disease
what disease process goes with "memory loss"
Alzheimers
what disease process goes with "Acetylcholine accumulation"
