Unit 8 AP World History Cold War & Decolonization After 1900 Latest 2022 Graded A+

Unit 8 AP World History Cold War & Decolonization After 1900 Latest 2022 Graded A+ Big Three allies during WWII; Soviet Union - Stalin, United Kingdom - Churchill, United States - Roosevelt/Truman Tehran Conference First major meeting between the Big Three (United States, Britain, Russia) at which they planned the 1944 assault on France and agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation after the war Yalta Conference FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War Potsdam Conference The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdam, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. Harry Truman () Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb; Korean War during his presidency Cold War A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. Dwight Eisenhower () Republican; Ended Korean War; Maintained peaceful coexistence with USSR; Established modern Republicanism; warned against the military-industrial complex Self-determination Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves Anti-colonialism the movement following World War II in which colonies began to revolt against their captors. Hydrogen Bomb (H-Bomb) 1,000 times more powerful as an atomic bomb; First tested in 1952 by the U.S. military-industrial complex Eisenhower first coined this phrase when he warned American against it in his last State of the Union Address. He feared that the combined lobbying efforts of the armed services and industries that contracted with the military would lead to excessive Congressional spending. United Nations (UN) an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security; successor to the League of Nations which folded after its inability to prevent a second world war Iron Curtain Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West which formed a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region Satellite Countries Countries bordering USSR that Soviets made Communist to have "friendly ring of countries" World Revolution Marx believed that communism would come about only through a world wide revolution to end class conflict - a belief that organized workers would overthrow capitalism in all countries Containment A U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances Truman Doctrine 1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey Non-Aligned Movement During the cold war, this movement was led by India and Yugoslavia to stand apart from the U.S.-Soviet rivalry. It was undermined by the membership of states such as Cuba that were clearly clients of one of the superpowers. MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender (the situation in the US-Soviet nuclear arms race in which either side could absorb a first-strike and still respond by imposing unacceptable damage on the other side) Sputnik and the Space Race First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race. Marshall Plan a plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism. COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) USSR's recovery plan for Eastern Europe after World War II which involved financial aid and implementing "Little Stalins" in satellite countries. This also included the Warsaw Pact Proxy wars (surrogate wars) a war where two opposing countries support combatants that serve their interests instead of waging war directly. The word surrogate means substitute. Although the United States and the Soviet Union did not fight each other directly, they fought indirectly by backing opposing sides in many smaller conflicts. Berlin Airlift, 1948 In June 1948, the USSR-who wanted Berlin all for themselves-closed all highways, railroads and canals into Berlin from West Germany. This, they believed, would make it impossible for the people who lived there to get food or any other supplies and would eventually drive Britain, France and the US out of the city for good. However, the US and its allies decided to supply their sectors of the city from the air. The "Berlin Airlift," lasted for more than a year and carried more than 2.3 million tons of cargo in 277,000 flights into West Berlin. Berlin Wall (1961) The Soviet Union, under Nikita Khrushchev, erected a wall between East and West Berlin to keep people from fleeing from the East, afterwards Kennedy asked for an increase in defense funds to counter Soviet aggression. Built by the Communists to stop the flow of refugees seeking to gain political asylum in West Ber