BIO 245 Exam 1 Study Guide
Allele Correct Answer: An alternative form of a gene.
Anaphase Correct Answer: 3rd stage of Mitosis where the spindle fibers move towards opposite
poles.
Annealing Correct Answer: the process in which two complementary segments of DNA bind to
each other.
Antiparallel Correct Answer: The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a
DNA double helix.
Autosome Correct Answer: Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Backbone Correct Answer: the portion of a DNA or RNA strand that is composed of the
repeated covalent linkage of the phosphates and sugar molecules.
Bacteriophage Correct Answer: A virus that infects bacteria
Barr Body Correct Answer: A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in
cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
Base pairs Correct Answer: Pairs of nuleotides that bond the two strands of DNA together
Bidirectional DNA replication Correct Answer: new DNA is synthesized in both directions from
the single origin, creating an expanding replication bubble
Carrier Correct Answer: A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the
phenotype.
Cell Cycle Correct Answer: An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from
its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two.
Centromere Correct Answer: Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Centrosome Correct Answer: Cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles.
Characters Correct Answer: a characteristic, such as eye color.
Chargaff's Rules Correct Answer: A=T G=C
Chi square test Correct Answer: Test for goodness of fit, tests if your results match what you
would expect based on your hypothesis- (observed - expected)^2 / expected
, Chiasma Correct Answer: site where crossing over occurs between two chromosomes.
Chi-Square Correct Answer: A test statistic for categorial data.
Chrimatid Correct Answer: one of the two identical "sister"parts of a duplicated chromosome
Chromatin Correct Answer: Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Chromosome Correct Answer: Bodies within the nucleus made in DNA and proteins called the
histones
Complementary Correct Answer: sequences in two DNA strands that match each other
according to the AT/GC rule.
Continuous Replication Correct Answer: Replication along the leading strand of DNA.
Cross Correct Answer: a mating between two distinct individuals.
Crossing Over Correct Answer: A physical exchange of chromosome pieces that most
commonly occurs during prophase of meiosis I.
Cytogenetics Correct Answer: the field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of
chromosomes.
Cytokinesis Correct Answer: the division of a single cell into two cells.
Daughter Strands Correct Answer: the newly made strand of DNA.
Degrees of Freedom Correct Answer: the number of categories that are independent of each
other.
Denaturing Correct Answer: heat separates the double stranded DNA into two single strands
Density Gradient Centrifugation Correct Answer: separation techniques for viruses
Deoxyribosenucleicacid Correct Answer: DNA
Dihybrid Correct Answer: A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same
gene
Dihybrid Cross Correct Answer: a cross in which an experimenter crosses an individual that is
heterozygous for two gene to an individual that is homozygous recessive for the same two genes.
Dihydrotestosterone Correct Answer: develops prostate and male external genitalia
Allele Correct Answer: An alternative form of a gene.
Anaphase Correct Answer: 3rd stage of Mitosis where the spindle fibers move towards opposite
poles.
Annealing Correct Answer: the process in which two complementary segments of DNA bind to
each other.
Antiparallel Correct Answer: The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a
DNA double helix.
Autosome Correct Answer: Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Backbone Correct Answer: the portion of a DNA or RNA strand that is composed of the
repeated covalent linkage of the phosphates and sugar molecules.
Bacteriophage Correct Answer: A virus that infects bacteria
Barr Body Correct Answer: A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in
cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
Base pairs Correct Answer: Pairs of nuleotides that bond the two strands of DNA together
Bidirectional DNA replication Correct Answer: new DNA is synthesized in both directions from
the single origin, creating an expanding replication bubble
Carrier Correct Answer: A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the
phenotype.
Cell Cycle Correct Answer: An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from
its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two.
Centromere Correct Answer: Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Centrosome Correct Answer: Cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles.
Characters Correct Answer: a characteristic, such as eye color.
Chargaff's Rules Correct Answer: A=T G=C
Chi square test Correct Answer: Test for goodness of fit, tests if your results match what you
would expect based on your hypothesis- (observed - expected)^2 / expected
, Chiasma Correct Answer: site where crossing over occurs between two chromosomes.
Chi-Square Correct Answer: A test statistic for categorial data.
Chrimatid Correct Answer: one of the two identical "sister"parts of a duplicated chromosome
Chromatin Correct Answer: Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Chromosome Correct Answer: Bodies within the nucleus made in DNA and proteins called the
histones
Complementary Correct Answer: sequences in two DNA strands that match each other
according to the AT/GC rule.
Continuous Replication Correct Answer: Replication along the leading strand of DNA.
Cross Correct Answer: a mating between two distinct individuals.
Crossing Over Correct Answer: A physical exchange of chromosome pieces that most
commonly occurs during prophase of meiosis I.
Cytogenetics Correct Answer: the field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of
chromosomes.
Cytokinesis Correct Answer: the division of a single cell into two cells.
Daughter Strands Correct Answer: the newly made strand of DNA.
Degrees of Freedom Correct Answer: the number of categories that are independent of each
other.
Denaturing Correct Answer: heat separates the double stranded DNA into two single strands
Density Gradient Centrifugation Correct Answer: separation techniques for viruses
Deoxyribosenucleicacid Correct Answer: DNA
Dihybrid Correct Answer: A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same
gene
Dihybrid Cross Correct Answer: a cross in which an experimenter crosses an individual that is
heterozygous for two gene to an individual that is homozygous recessive for the same two genes.
Dihydrotestosterone Correct Answer: develops prostate and male external genitalia
