Who What How more result
ADDIS + co how the brain is activated by fMRI while thinking about past similar neural constructive episodic
remembering the past and future mechanisms are simulation
and imagining the future involved in hypothesis , which states that
remembering episodic memories are
the past and extracted and recombined to
predicting the construct simulations of
future future events
ASHCRAFT + KIRK Working memory capacity Doing a maths task while doing The dual task drains the
another task working memory capacity
resulting in errors
ALVAREZ + Capacity of STM: change detection procedure Coloured blocks + the greater the amount of
CAVANAGH more complex information in an image, the
stimuli fewer items that can be held
in visual short-term memory
BROADBENT Flow diagram of mind What happens in mind when
focusing attention
BEILOCK Choking under preassure Maths problem in Low and high Experiment 1: Performance
preassure conditions decreases in high preassure
problems that are more
difficult
Experiment 2: LWM = Better
in high preassure; HWM
better in low preassure
BROCA Left frontal lobe: producing Study of ‘tan’ who suffers
language damage to frontal lobe of brain
BAYES (Bayesian estimate of the probability of we perceive what is most
inference) an outcome is determined by: likely to have created the
(1) the prior probability + (2) stimulation we have received
the likelihood of the outcome. —in terms of probabilities
BLAKEMORE + Experience dependent Rearing kittens in space with Kittens visual cortex
COOPER plasticity vertical striped walls contained neurons that
, responded mainly to verticals.
Thus, brain responded best to
environment to which it had
been exposed.
BADDELY Capacity of STM under certain subjects were able to read
conditions it is while simultaneously
possible to carry remembering numbers.
out two tasks
simultaneously
BADDELEY Word length effect Recalling word lists subjects remembered 77
percent of the short words
but only 60 percent of the
long words
BEDDELEY Articulatory suppression: Recalling words, adding ‘the’ reduced ability to remember
repetition of irrelevant sound words, eliminates the word
length effect
BROOKS how interference can affect the Holding spatial stimulus in the Visualising f while visuospatial sketch pad
operation of the visuospatial mind doing task becomes overloaded
sketch pad.
BOWER + co what happens when words are Presented materials to be Subjects in organized group
presented in an organized way learned in an organizational tree recalled +_ 73 words vs 21
during encoding
BRANSFORD + Would preventing organization Read and remember a passage subjects who saw this picture
JOHNSON from happening reduce the Read and remember a passage before they read the passage
ability to remember with image remembered twice as much
from the passage as subjects
who did not see the picture or
subjects who saw the picture
after they read the passage.
The key here is organization.
BRUNET + co Treatment of PTSD using Give medication while recalling presenting propranolol when
, reconsolidation traumatic events the memory was
reactivated a week earlier
blocked the stress response
in the amygdala, and this
reduced
the emotional reaction
associated with remembering
the trauma
BURNSTEN + cultural life script List important points in persons most commonly mentioned
RUBIN hypothesis life events occur during the
period associated with the
reminiscence bump.
BROWN + KULICK Flashbulb memory JF Kennedy shooting mechanism responsible for
vivid and
detailed memories “Now
Print” mechanism, as if these
memories are like a
photograph
BARTLETT War of ghosts Repetition production: Read and Subjects created their
recall story memories from1. the original
story 2. what they knew
about similar stories in their
own culture
BREWER, Pragmatic inference Presented sentences Baby stayed awake found that errors occurred for
MCDERMOTT + recalled became baby cried . about a third of the sentences
CHAN
BOWER + co Schemas and scripts The dentist story Knowledge of the dentist
Delay script caused the subjects to
Recall story add information that wasn’t
originally presented.
BOWER + whether using visual imagery paired-associate learning , in subjects who had created
WINZENZ that connect words visually— which a list of word pairs is images remembered more
can create connections that presented than twice as many words
enhance memory.
silent group + mental picture
group
BRADFIELD + Errors due to suggestion View video of crime and identify Post-identification subjects who received the
WELLS perp (not presented) and given feedback effect confirming feedback were
ADDIS + co how the brain is activated by fMRI while thinking about past similar neural constructive episodic
remembering the past and future mechanisms are simulation
and imagining the future involved in hypothesis , which states that
remembering episodic memories are
the past and extracted and recombined to
predicting the construct simulations of
future future events
ASHCRAFT + KIRK Working memory capacity Doing a maths task while doing The dual task drains the
another task working memory capacity
resulting in errors
ALVAREZ + Capacity of STM: change detection procedure Coloured blocks + the greater the amount of
CAVANAGH more complex information in an image, the
stimuli fewer items that can be held
in visual short-term memory
BROADBENT Flow diagram of mind What happens in mind when
focusing attention
BEILOCK Choking under preassure Maths problem in Low and high Experiment 1: Performance
preassure conditions decreases in high preassure
problems that are more
difficult
Experiment 2: LWM = Better
in high preassure; HWM
better in low preassure
BROCA Left frontal lobe: producing Study of ‘tan’ who suffers
language damage to frontal lobe of brain
BAYES (Bayesian estimate of the probability of we perceive what is most
inference) an outcome is determined by: likely to have created the
(1) the prior probability + (2) stimulation we have received
the likelihood of the outcome. —in terms of probabilities
BLAKEMORE + Experience dependent Rearing kittens in space with Kittens visual cortex
COOPER plasticity vertical striped walls contained neurons that
, responded mainly to verticals.
Thus, brain responded best to
environment to which it had
been exposed.
BADDELY Capacity of STM under certain subjects were able to read
conditions it is while simultaneously
possible to carry remembering numbers.
out two tasks
simultaneously
BADDELEY Word length effect Recalling word lists subjects remembered 77
percent of the short words
but only 60 percent of the
long words
BEDDELEY Articulatory suppression: Recalling words, adding ‘the’ reduced ability to remember
repetition of irrelevant sound words, eliminates the word
length effect
BROOKS how interference can affect the Holding spatial stimulus in the Visualising f while visuospatial sketch pad
operation of the visuospatial mind doing task becomes overloaded
sketch pad.
BOWER + co what happens when words are Presented materials to be Subjects in organized group
presented in an organized way learned in an organizational tree recalled +_ 73 words vs 21
during encoding
BRANSFORD + Would preventing organization Read and remember a passage subjects who saw this picture
JOHNSON from happening reduce the Read and remember a passage before they read the passage
ability to remember with image remembered twice as much
from the passage as subjects
who did not see the picture or
subjects who saw the picture
after they read the passage.
The key here is organization.
BRUNET + co Treatment of PTSD using Give medication while recalling presenting propranolol when
, reconsolidation traumatic events the memory was
reactivated a week earlier
blocked the stress response
in the amygdala, and this
reduced
the emotional reaction
associated with remembering
the trauma
BURNSTEN + cultural life script List important points in persons most commonly mentioned
RUBIN hypothesis life events occur during the
period associated with the
reminiscence bump.
BROWN + KULICK Flashbulb memory JF Kennedy shooting mechanism responsible for
vivid and
detailed memories “Now
Print” mechanism, as if these
memories are like a
photograph
BARTLETT War of ghosts Repetition production: Read and Subjects created their
recall story memories from1. the original
story 2. what they knew
about similar stories in their
own culture
BREWER, Pragmatic inference Presented sentences Baby stayed awake found that errors occurred for
MCDERMOTT + recalled became baby cried . about a third of the sentences
CHAN
BOWER + co Schemas and scripts The dentist story Knowledge of the dentist
Delay script caused the subjects to
Recall story add information that wasn’t
originally presented.
BOWER + whether using visual imagery paired-associate learning , in subjects who had created
WINZENZ that connect words visually— which a list of word pairs is images remembered more
can create connections that presented than twice as many words
enhance memory.
silent group + mental picture
group
BRADFIELD + Errors due to suggestion View video of crime and identify Post-identification subjects who received the
WELLS perp (not presented) and given feedback effect confirming feedback were
