WGU C181 STUDY GUIDE

WGU C181 STUDY GUIDE Chapter 1 What is sovereignty? SOVEREIGNTY - Each national government has the right to govern its people as it wishes, without interference from other nations. How is Sovereignty threatened in the globalized world? If the majority of nations thinks a country is being ruled unethically or crimes on its citizens are happening, world sanctions can be ordered. IE... Libya and Moammar Gadhafi. What are the fundamental values of American democracy? How are these values shown in the two dilemmas of government? Order, freedom and equality. Freedom vs. Order- sometimes, order is needed to have freedoms. USSR, Germany. Freedom vs. Equality- sometimes, equality is a problem and hurts freedom. Equal pay, School busing. How do equality of opportunity, equality of outcome, and political equality differ? Provide examples. Equality of Opportunity- Same chance to succeed. School, employment. Equality of Outcome- Same outcome for work. Equal pay, Healthcare. Political Equality- Have a voice. Vote, Run for office. What are the major purposes of government? Which is most controversial? Order, Freedom and Equality for all. Order is the biggest issue without giving up freedom. Figure 1.1 fill out the following chart: Political theory 1. Definition, 2. Correspond to which Economic Theory? - Define theory 3. Corresponds to which political label in the U.S.? Anarchism 1. total freedom. Law of the Jungle. 2. 0% government. Laisser Faire. 3. Not applicable. Libertarianism 1. want freedom with little laws. Liberty 2. 20% government. 3. Libertarian. Liberalism Power of the people to change laws. 1. wants freedom, kn ows laws are needed, wants everyone equal. 2. 30-40% government. Capitalism, no monopolies. 50-75% government. Socialism. 3. Conservatives - Republicans, Communitarians, Liberals - Democrats Totalitarianism 1. wants nothing but law & order. 2.100% government. Communism. 3. Not applicable. Figure 1.2 State the differences between libertarianism, conservative, communitarian, & liberal views on Freedom, Order, Equality, & Government. Which values are seen as most important? Least important? What role should government play to protect those values? Freedom Libertarianism- almost all freedom Conservative- 1/2 freedom Communitarian- very little freedom Liberal-very little freedom Order Libertarianism- very little of law & order Conservative- 1/2 law & order Communitarian- 1/2 law & order Liberal- very little order Equality Libertarianism- very little equality Conservative- little equality Communitarian- 1/2 equality Liberal- almost all equality. Government Libertarianism- Conservative- Communitarian- Liberal- libertarianism Wants mainly freedom with little law & order and equality. liberalism Wants a balance of freedom, equality and law & order. liberals wants mainly equality with little law & order and freedom how they similar and differ? They understand Freedom, Law & Order and Equality are needed. It is the amount of each that separates them. Chapter 2 What are the types of 'Direct Democracy'? All citizens run the government and vote on laws, taxes and issues. Small towns, clubs, teams, etc.. What is 'Indirect Democracy' or Representative Democracy? All citizens vote for someone to represent their thoughts. Our government, Representative, Republic system. What are the basic concepts of Majoritarian democracy (Majoritarianism)? Majority rules. Everyone is equal to vote and have the chance to vote. Know what you are voting for, be consistent and vote to have your voice heard. What are the basic concepts of Pluralist democracy (Pluralism)? Interest groups vote for the laws, issues and what should be done. Majority is silent, the interest groups vote, government should listen to only them. How does "Elite Theory" differ from the Majoritarian and Pluralist models? The view that a small group of people actually makes most of the important government decisions. Chapter 3 *When you are logged into the Learning Resource, please review the Interactive Timeline, The Constitution: The American Revolution and the Nation's Constitution. Explain Thomas Jefferson's ideas on unalienable rights and the Social Contract Theory as found in the Declaration of Independence. He was the writer. All man has a right to Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness (property), Self-governing. -How was Thomas Jefferson influenced by John Locke? Locke believed, man has God-given rights (inalienable) and government is to protect and ensure these rights for all. What is the relationship between the right to vote, popular sovereignty and Republicanism (or a republic)? Everyone has a right to vote to show popular sovereignty and gaurantee the republic is not ruled by one person or group. What were the political and economic weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation? No tax power. No leadership. No regulated trade. Amendments had to have a unanimous vote. How did trade wars and events like Shay's rebellion expose some of these weaknesses? They showed the government had no power to raise money or to protect the new country. How may the failure of the Articles of Confederation be seen as giving rise to the U.S. Constitution? It showed the government needed powers to raise money, make trade laws, raise a national army and have states have powers. Explain the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan as well as key differences. How were those differences resolved in the Great Compromise? -Virginia Plan -That the powers of the government be divided among three separate branches: a legislative branch, for making laws; an executive branch, for enforcing laws; and a judicial branch, for interpreting laws. -That the legislature consist of two houses. The first would be chosen by the people, the second by the members of the first house from among candidates nominated by the state legislatures. -That each state's representation in the legislature be in proportion to the taxes it paid to the national government or in proportion to its free population. -That an executive, consisting of an unspecified number of people, be selected by the legislature and serve for a single term. -That the national judiciary include one or more supreme courts and other, lower courts, with judges appointed for life by the legislature. -That the executive and a number of national judges serve as a council of revision, to approve or veto (disapprove) legislative acts. Their veto could be overridden by a vote of both houses of the legislature. -That the scope of powers of all three branches be far greater than that assigned the national government by the Articles of Confederation and that the legislature be empowered to override state laws. -