BIOD 121 Module 6(study guide)complete

Healthy pregnancy adequate intake of vitamins and minerals healthy body weight controlling existing health conditions avoidance of teratogens Teratogens compounds that can increase the risk of a birth defect caffeine, drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. Tobacco: miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and low birth weight infants alcohol: FAS, physical and mental disabilities and growth retardation drugs: low birth weight, preterm delivery, miscarriage, birth defects, and infant addiction. 00:00 Blastogenic stage (Day 1 to 14): A period of rapid cell division Day 14: An embryo is formed. Embryonic stage (Week 2 to 8): The organ system develops. Week 5: The heart begins to beat. Week 8: The embryo is now known as a fetus. Fetal Stage (Week 9 to 40): Period of continual growth and development zygote formed from combination of egg and sperm placenta provides oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to the fetus and also allows for the transfer of waste from the fetus and into the mother's system for excretion first trimester exposure to toxins and inadequate nutrient intake can have an adverse effect on the fetus quality of the mother's diet is more important than the quantity second trimester development of the hands, feet, arms, and legs occurs, and the fetus begins to resemble a baby physiological changes to mom's body in order to support the pregnancy and prepare for birth. third trimester fetus will double in length and will increase weight to approximately 7 to 9 pounds. low birth weight (LBW) a birth weight of less than 5.5 pounds small for gestational age (SGA) an infant small in size, measured relative to its gestational stage