MGG2602 Sexual Trauma (2020 - Semester 1 - Assignment 3)

MGG2602 – Sexual Trauma 2020 – Semester 1 – Assignment 3 PART 1: True/False Indicate whether the following statements are True or False.  If the statement is True (correct), mark 1 on the mark-reading sheet.  If the statement is False (incorrect), mark 2 on the mark-reading sheet. Question 1: Macro-level interventions involve developing broad social and cultural approaches to stop an issue before it becomes a problem. 1. True 2. False Question 2: Continuous trauma can be the result of people being exposed to traumatic situations on an irregular basis. 1. True 2. False Question 3: The impact of sexual trauma is usually determined by the affected person’s perceptions of the trauma at a particular point in time. 1. True 2. False   Question 4: Female genital mutilation is a cultural practice and therefore it is not necessarily considered to be sexual abuse. 1. True 2. False Question 5: The number of sessions that a trauma counsellor conducts to a sexual trauma survivor is more important than the quality of the counsellor’s presence. 1. True 2. False Question 6: A sexual trauma counsellor must be well-informed about sexual abuse and very knowledgeable about the necessary skills to assist the survivor and avoid re-traumatisation of him/her. 1. True 2. False Question 7: Sexual trauma counsellors who have personally experienced sexual trauma should not work with survivors of sexual abuse. 1. True 2. False Question 8: Sexual trauma counsellors who have personally experienced sexual trauma should arrange regular debriefing sessions with a professional to monitor their professional objectivity regarding the counselling they are providing. 1. True 2. False Question 9: Neglect is the biggest factor contributing to child sexual abuse. 1. True 2. False Question 10: Rituals can be powerful cultural tools to assist survivors through the healing process. 1. True 2. False Question 11: A goal of recovery for a survivor should be to experience gratification in life. 1. True 2. False Question 12: A sexual trauma counsellor must be very knowledgeable and have the necessary skills to avoid the re-traumatisation of survivors. 1. True 2. False Question 13: An uncle grooming a child over a few months and then begins fondling the child and then progress to rape is an example of continuous trauma. 1. True 2. False Question 14: People who experience continuous trauma often become numb to additional traumatic events and struggle to identify that they have been traumatised. 1. True 2. False Question 15: A crisis is more serious and takes longer to resolve than stress. 1. True 2. False Part 2: Choose the correct answer by marking the number corresponding to the most correct option on your mark-reading sheet. Question 16: A person who is in a crisis feels … 1. confused 2. overwhelmed 3. unable to cope 4. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 17: Stress may be viewed as a set of psychological and physiological reactions experienced by the individual, such as the following: 1. racing heart 2. negative self-talk 3. sweaty palms 4. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 18: Lewis (1999) and Matsakis (1996), who are American psychiatrists working extensively with trauma, classify the different kinds of trauma as: 1. natural disasters (floods, fire, hurricanes, earthquakes, etc.) 2. man-made catastrophes (war, terrorism, bus disasters and civil unrest) 3. intentional violence (physical assault, sexual assault, domestic violence and hijacking) 4. unintentional violence (motor vehicle accidents and culpable homicide 5. All the above. Question 19: According to Jannof-Bulman (1992), the assumptions that victims of trauma are forced to reconsider are that they are: 1. personally invulnerable 2. the world is orderly 3. good and strong people 4. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 20: System theorists believe that one of the first indicators of an incestuous family is that: 1. There is a distance between the marital couple. 2. Generally, the marital relationship is described as good and satisfying and is often referred to as “one that does exist”. 3. The marital couple usually do not share bedrooms and beds and have ended their sexual relationship. 4. Options 1 and 3 above 5. Options 2 and 3 above. Question 21: The following are the patterns of role reversals: 1. a dominant father and a passive/dependent mother 2. a dominant mother and a passive/dependant father 3. a dominant father and an assertive/independent mother 4. a dominant mother and an assertive/independent father 5. Options 1 and 2 above. Question 22: The following reason(s) is/or are the most commonly cited ones: 1. It is a taboo to discuss sexual issues within the family. 2. The family fears the community`s reprisals – that the stigma associated with abuse will lead to dreaded ostracism. 3. Loyalty to family is emphasised over and above the importance of the needs of the individual members. 4. Emotional blackmail and physical threats are used in some instances; the child is told that disclosure will lead to the disintegration of the family. 5. All the above. Question 23: Factors that have an impact on the severity of the child`s response to abuse are as follows: 1. the age of the survivor 2. the gender of the child survivor 3. previous history of an emotional disorder 4. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 24: The following are the types of intrafamilial molestation: 1. father-daughter 2. mother-son 3. grandparent-grandchild incest 4. sibling incest 5. All the above. Question 25: Children who have been sexually abused and do not make their abuse known may show the following sign(s): 1. problems at school 2. personality changes 3. isolation 4. regression 5. All the above. Question 26: The following are mostly indicators of the sexual abuse of adolescent girls and should be followed up with immediate action: 1. pregnancy and/or signs of an abortion 2. painful menstrual periods 3. absence of periods 4. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 27: The myths about the adult survivor are as follows: 1. Incest only happens to bad girls. 2. Women and children get sexual enjoyment from abuse. 3. Damage to a child after sexual abuse is irreparable. 4. Survivors of abuse will abuse their own children. 5. All the above. Question 28: What is the common rape myth(s) that you know of? 1. Only bad girls get raped. 2. All women enjoy a little rape now and then. 3. Date rape is not really rape. 4. Men do not get raped. 5. All the above. Question 29: Child sexual abuse ... 1. leads to the development of extraordinary creative capacities 2. leads to the development of extraordinary destructive capacities 3. cultivates normal states of consciousness, affecting the adult survivor 4. Options 1 and 3 above. 5. Options 1 and 2 above. Question 30: Sexual play becomes sexual abuse of a child by another child when ... 1. one child starts using force or threats 2. the children do not know each other 3. the children are of different stages of development 4. Options 1 and 3 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 31: Sexual offenders may be … about their actions and …their victims for the abuse. 1. defensive, blame 2. aggressive, criticise 3. self-protective, condemn 4. All the above. Question 32: Victims easily … the blame. 1. externalise 2. project 3. internalise 4. All the above. Question 33: Owing to threats and coercion, the child who is being sexually abused becomes weighed down by enormous feelings of ... 1. guilt 2. responsibility for others 3. disconnection from others 4. shame Question 34: The majority of extrafamilial abuse victims are sexually abused by ... 1. strangers 2. family members 3. people they trust 4. All the above. Question 35: An intermediary is someone who questions a child in a simple way so that the child will understand the questions without changing the meaning during the ... 1. police interview with the child 2. medical assessment of the child 3. criminal court proceedings 4. All the above. Question 36: The main role of the helper in the healing process is to ... 1. promote the healing of the survivor 2. support the survivor through the legal proceedings 3. assist the survivor in forgiving the offender 4. Options 1 and 2 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 37: The healing process is ... 1. similar for most survivors 2. unique to each survivor 3. a simple, linear process 4. All the above. Question 38: Healing requires a measure of ... 1. internal safety 2. external safety 3. emotional safety 4. All the above. Question 39: In order to reduce the suffering, survivors experience in the emergency stage they should not ... 1. remind themselves that they are normal 2. spend time disengaging from people 3. spoil themselves 4. build treats into their daily routine 5. cultivate self-nurturing habits Question 40: An indicator(s) of recovery, according to Walker (2004), is/are that ... 1. survivors can set goals to maximise happiness 2. survivors are more realistic 3. survivors dream more easily 4. Options 1 and 2 above. 5. Options 1 and 3 above. Question 41: Indicate which of the following are medical issue(s) that should be attended to when a person has been raped. 1. treatment for STIs 2. treatment to prevent vomiting 3. pre-exposure prophylaxis treatment 4. Options 1 and 3 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 42: Which movement in the 1970s drew attention to male rape? 1. the gay pride movement 2. the feminist movement 3. the men’s right movement 4. All the above. Question 43: Sexual abuse is an abuse of ... 1. power 2. trust 3. status 4. Options 1 and 2 above. 5. Options 2 and 3 above. Question 44: Which of the following options indicate(s) that the survivor is starting to heal? 1.The survivor acknowledges that the abuse has negatively affected his/her adult life. 2. The survivor acknowledges that the abuse definitely occurred. 3. The survivor recognises that, despite the abuse, he/she remains acceptable and worthy of respect from others. 4. Options 1 and 3 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 45: The fear(s) that survivors experience when they have been prematurely sexualised is/are ... 1. That they will become child abusers 2. That they will become homosexual? 3. That they really enjoyed sexual contact when they were young, does this make it their fault? 4. Options 1 and 2 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 46: What does child sexual abuse include? 1. Exposing adult sexual body parts to a child for own sexual gratification. 2. An adult watching a child undress, bathe or use the toilet for his/her own sexual gratification. 3. Using sex talk with a child for own sexual arousal. 4. All of the above. 5. None of the above. Question 47: What is voyeurism? 1.Watching someone undress, bathe or use the toilet for sexual gratification. 2. Exposing own sexual body parts to another person for sexual gratification. 3. Self-stimulation of own sexual body parts. 4. Using sex talk with another person for own sexual arousal. 5. None of the above. Question 48: What does sexual assault include? 1. Sexual violation 2. Sexual touching 3. Crimen injuria 4. Options 2 and 3. 5. Options 1 and 2. Question 49: With reference to sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007, how is a child defined? 1. A person under the age of 18 years 2. A person between the ages of 12 – 16 years 3. A person between the ages of 14 and 16 years 4. A person between the ages of 14 and 18 years 5. None of the above. Question 50: What is/are characteristic of child sexual abuse? 1. The abuse of power and authority by the offender. 2. Consent is non-existent. 3. A violation of a child’s right to normal, healthy and trusting relationships. 4. Options 1 and 2. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3. Part 3: The following questions are related to the case study.  Read the case study before answering the questions that follow.  Mark the number corresponding to the correct option on your mark-reading sheet. Tshepo, a 27-year-old unemployed man, was offered work by two men he met on social media (Facebook). Both men promised to fetch him at a certain restaurant in Johannesburg. On the day they agreed on, the men drove him to a remote location where they forced him to use a chemical substance called nyaope (heroine). Once he was under the influence of the drug, he was raped by both men. He expected to be killed, but they left him alive. Tshepo found his way back home. He felt too ashamed to tell his family and friends about what had happened. He was sure that they would think less of him. He could not report the matter to the police, since he was convinced that he would be judged because he should never have marketed his services on social media anyway. Tshepo found that he could not leave home in the mornings without feeling some fear. He constantly had feelings of being at risk and had difficulty sleeping due to constant nightmares. His friends and family started noticing his withdrawal. He was angry and started drinking more alcohol. He would not talk to them about what was happening to him and they were very concerned. Question 51: Which of the following myths about male rape could have contributed to Sandile not disclosing the rape? 1. Males cannot be raped. 2. Males who are raped are boys or weak adults. 3. Very few males, if any, are raped. 4. Options 1 and 2 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 52: Which of the following problems associated with sexual trauma in males does Tshepo seem to be experiencing? 1. stigma and shame 2. anger 3. depression 4. Options 1 and 2 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 53: In terms of the stigma and shame, is Tshepo concerned that his family and the police will think he is weak and responsible for the rape? 1. Yes 2. No Question 54: Based on the case study, does Tshepo blame himself for the rape? 1. Yes 2. No Question 55: Which aspect(s) would be integral to Tshepo’s intervention process? 1. The counsellor should demonstrate high levels of respect. 2. The counsellor should never undermine Tshepo’s sense of autonomy. 3. A high-quality therapeutic relationship. 4. Options 1 and 2 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 56: The counsellor should use gender-specific skills and therapeutic interventions when working with Tshepo. 1. True 2. False Question 57: The rape described in the case study above would be referred to as … 1. opportunistic rape 2. gang rape 3. drug rape 4. Options 2 and 3 above. 5. Options 1, 2 and 3 above. Question 58: Tshepo’s experience can be classified as … 1. indirect trauma 2. secondary trauma 3. continuous trauma 4. complex trauma 5. direct trauma. Question 59: A trauma, such as the one experienced by Tshepo, has the potential to ... 1. create such inner turmoil that disrupts several areas of functioning in his personal life 2. offer him an opportunity to grow; identify his inner strengths and become more realistic about life 3. affect his sexual identity 4. All the above are correct. Question 60: The rape as described in the case study above can potentially have an impact on Tshepo’s future long-term relationships; and for this reason, he should be encouraged … 1. to decide whether he wants to tell his future partner or not, because he can make the best decision suited to his personal circumstances 2. not to disclose this to his future partner because it may cause his partner to view him as a weak man and end the relationship 3. to disclose it to his partner since it would ensure a deeper level of intimacy in the relationship 4. All the above are correct.