Advanced Pharmacology Midterm Retake Week 7 Exam.

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM RETAKE WEEK 7 EXAM. MIDTERM RETAKE ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY WEEK 7 EXAM. Exam Elaborations Questions & Answers. A 70-year-old man who enjoys good health began taking low-dose aspirin several months ago based on recommendations that he read in a magazine article. During the man's most recent visit to his care provider, routine blood work was ordered and the results indicated an unprecedented rise in the man's serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. How should a nurse best interpret these findings? Selected Answer: The man may be experiencing nephrotoxic effects of aspirin A patient comes to the clinic asking for help to quit drinking alcohol. She has a 21-year history of heavy drinking and is worried about developing cirrhosis of the liver. The patient agrees to take disulfiram (Antabuse). The nurse will teach the patient that the combination of alcohol and Antabuse will cause which of the following? Selected Answer: Nausea A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient who is diabetic and has been diagnosed with hypertension. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has been prescribed for her. Which of the following should the Nurse Practitioner assess before beginning drug therapy? • Question 3 1 out of 1 points • Question 2 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Serum potassium levels The APRN is prescribing a medication that is known to induce hepatic enzymes. What effect should you anticipate? Selected Answer: Induction increases the rate of metabolism, thereby decreasing serum levels of drug A patient is being treated for respiratory infection. He is a recovering alcoholic and has impaired liver function. The nurse will instruct the patient to be especially cautious when taking Selected Answer: an elixir. A 45-year-old man who is a construction worker has been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and has been prescribed lovastatin. The nurse will advise the patient to Selected Answer: avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight. A patient is taking gabapentin (Neurontin) for spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. Which of the following should be the priority for monitoring? Selected Answer: Renal function A 79-year-old patient in a long-term care facility is to receive an intravenous fat emulsion. Which of the following lab values would be a priority for the nurse to assess before administration? Selected Answer: Triglyceride levels • Question 9 • Question 8 1 out of 1 points • Question 7 1 out of 1 points • Question 6 1 out of 1 points • Question 5 1 out of 1 points • Question 4 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points A 49-year-old woman has been diagnosed with myalgia. The physician has recommended aspirin. The patient is concerned that the aspirin will upset her stomach. The nurse will encourage the patient to Selected Answer: swallow the tablet with milk or food. A patient has a history of tonic-clonic seizures that have been successfully treated with phenytoin (Dilantin) for several years. Phenytoin achieves a therapeutic effect by Selected Answer: decreasing the influx of sodium into neurons. Following an assessment by her primary care provider, a 70-year-old resident of an assisted living facility has begun taking daily oral doses of levothyroxine. Which of the following assessment findings should prompt the nurse to withhold a scheduled dose of levothyroxine? Selected Answer: The resident had a fall during the night while transferring from her bed to her bathroom A 56-year-old female patient has been admitted to the hospital with chronic muscle spasms and has been prescribed a new medication to treat the spasms. She has a poorly documented allergy to eggs, synthetic clothes, and perfumes. What is the priority action of the nurse to ensure that prescribed medication does not experience an allergic reaction? Selected Answer: Post an allergies notice on the front of the chart and document the allergies in the appropriate area of the patient's record The Nurse Practitioner is prescribing Salmeterol (Serevent) inhaler for a patient with asthma. What instructions would be correct to provide the patient? Selected Answer: "This is a long acting medication for your asthma and should be used once every 12 hours" • Question 13 1 out of 1 points • Question 12 1 out of 1 points • Question 11 0 out of 1 points • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Decongestants are recommended to use in which of the following patients? Selected Answer: patients with otitis media A 70-year-old man with diabetes mellitus is taking metoprolol (Lopressor) to manage his hypertension. The nurse would be sure to instruct the patient to Selected Answer: understand the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. You are seeing a 55 year old patient recently diagnosed with a bleeding ulcer. What should be the initial treatment choice for this patient? Selected Answer: A Proton Pump Inhibitor A Nurse Practitioner has been administering a drug to a patient intramuscularly (IM). The physician discontinued the IM dose and wrote an order for the drug to be given orally. The Nurse Practitioner notices that the oral dosage is considerably higher than the parenteral dose and understands that this due to Selected Answer: first-pass effect. The Nurse Practitioner is conducting a medication reconciliation of a new resident of a long-term care facility. The Nurse Practitioner notes that the resident takes allopurinol on a daily basis for the treatment of gout. What is the primary purpose of this drug? Selected Answer: To balance urate concentration and prevent gout attacks • Question 19 1 out of 1 points • Question 18 1 out of 1 points • Question 17 1 out of 1 points • Question 16 1 out of 1 points • Question 15 1 out of 1 points • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A Nurse Practitioner is providing discharge instructions to a patient who will be taking fludrocortisone at home. The Nurse Practitioner will encourage the patient to eat a diet that is Selected Answer: low in sodium, high in potassium. A Nurse Practitioner is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine (Synthroid) has been prescribed. Before the drug therapy is started, the nurse will assess for which of the following? Selected Answer: The patient's age A patient comes to primary clinic for strep throat. A throat swab culture is sent to lab. What information is required for the nurse practitioner to disclose on lab transmittal? Selected Answer: National Provider Identification (NPI) A patient with class-IV CHF has a medication regimen consisting of metoprolol (Lopressor), enalapril (Vasotec), and furosemide (Lasix). In addition to regularly assessing the patient s heart rate, the nurse should prioritize assessment of the patient's Selected Answer: blood pressure. A woman with numerous chronic health problems has been diagnosed with a benign gastric ulcer has begun treatment with ranitidine (Zantac). Which of the following teaching points should the nurse provide to this patient? Selected Answer: "Quitting smoking will significantly increase the chance that this drug will heal your ulcer." John is a newly diagnosed diabetic that contacts the office with complaints of severe nausea and vomiting. What instructions should the APRN provide related to his insulin doses? • Question 24 1 out of 1 points • Question 23 1 out of 1 points • Question 22 1 out of 1 points • Question 21 1 out of 1 points • Question 20 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Monitor your blood sugar every 4 hours and take regular insulin based on the blood sugar reading. A 72-year-old man is taking Adderall XR for the treatment of narcolepsy. He is currently having problems with not being able to swallow large tablets or capsules. The man also wears dentures, which makes it even more difficult for him to swallow medication. He is in the clinic to talk to the nurse about his problem. The nurse will instruct him to Selected Answer: open the capsule and sprinkle the beads in applesauce. A 53-year-old man has been treated for severe asthma for several years with prednisone. Recently, his physician initiated alternate-day therapy for him. The patient tells the nurse that he would rather take the medication every day to prevent confusion. Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? Selected Answer: "This schedule allows rest periods so that adverse effects are decreased but the anti-inflammatory effects continue." Advanced practice nurse prescribing of scheduled medications is affected most by: Selected Answer: Individual states laws regarding scheduled medications that can be prescribed and for how long A 60-year-old man has scheduled a follow-up appointment with his primary care provider stating that the omeprazole (Prilosec) which he was recently prescribed is ineffective. The patient states, "I take it as soon as I feel heartburn coming on, but it doesn't seem to help at all." How should the nurse best respond to this patient's statement? Selected Answer: "Prilosec will help your heartburn but it's not designed to provide immediate relief of specific episodes of heartburn." • Question 29 • Question 28 1 out of 1 points • Question 27 1 out of 1 points • Question 26 1 out of 1 points • Question 25 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points A 58-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department. A diagnosis of severe digoxin toxicity is made. Bradycardia is present, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) confirms toxicity. The nurse will administer which of the following drugs? Selected Answer: Digoxin immune fab A patient will begin three new medications as part of her treatment plan. The nurse practitioner understands that proper disposal of medications is key when the nurse practitioner states Selected Answer: Many medications can be potentially harmful if taken by someone other than the person the medication was prescribed. A 72-year-old man is prescribed theophylline for symptomatic relief of bronchial asthma. Which of the following findings would alert the nurse to the need for close monitoring? Selected Answer: Enlarged prostate gland A teenage boy has undergone a diagnostic workup following several months of persistent, bloody diarrhea that appears to lack an infectious etiology. The boy has also experienced intermittent abdominal pain and has lost almost 15 pounds this year. Which of the following medications is most likely to treat this boy's diagnosis? Selected Answer: