NURS 612 AHA EXAM 1 (CHEN-WALTA REVIEW) (1)
, AHA Exam 1 (Chen-Walta review)
Normal and General: Abnormal: Normal:
Abnormal ● Chronic disease increases the burden ■ Gingivitis: which is associated with ■ The lips have increased
findings in of oral disease, predisposing older plaque, hormonal changes, or foreign- vertical markings and appear
elderly adults to oral microbial infections, pain, body response dryer.
mouth/pharynx altered taste, difficulty chewing and ■ Periodontal disease is associated with ■ The buccal mucosa is thinner,
speaking, and dysphagia. DM, PVD, cerebrovascular disease, & less vascular, and less shiny
● Poor oral health can lead to weight CV disease which could be due to ■ Tongue may appear more fissures,
loss inflammation. This is marked by loss of and veins on its ventral surface
○ Periodontal disease is the 6th leading alveolar bone around teeth: Oral abx ■ Oral tissues may be dryer
complication of diabetes and can inhibit and chlorhexidine can slow it but may (xerostomia) esp with medications
glycemic control and poor glycemic control need root surface debridement. ■ Natural teeth may be worn down,
can contribute to periodontal disease ■ 59% of those 60-69 and 72% of those shortening the crown, and
○ Xerostomia (dry mouth) impairs oral 70+ have less than 20 teeth remaining altering enamel thickness.
function, promotes tooth decay, which can impact nutritional status.
exacerbates periodontal disease which can Dentures does not decrease the
be caused by many medications. malnutrition.
■ Dental caries is an infection. This can
○ Oral cancer is the 8th most common
cancer in men and 7x more likely in older spread to other organs. The use of
high- fluoride toothpaste can be
adults
○ Aspiration pna is a major cause of beneficial.
■ Dental caries may be present or
hospitalization and results in 20-50%
deterioration of dental restorations
mortality, oral hygiene can decrease
present.
this incidence.
■ Teeth may appear longer due to
○ 23% have untreated cavities and
70& periodontal disease reabsorption of the gum and bone
○ 1/3 are fully edentulous (missing all progresses which reveals the teeth
root.
natural teeth) or average 19 or less
■ Dental malocclusion may be caused by
remaining teeth
○ 17% have orofacial pain, facial, oral the migration of remaining teeth after
extractions.
sores, burning mouth, and toothache
Exam finding ○ Otitis media with effusion ○ Acute Otitis Media
with Otitis ■ Initial symptoms: sticking or ■ Initialsymptoms: abrupt onset, fever, feeling of blockage, anorexia, irritability
Media cracking sound on yawning or ■ Pain: deep-seated earache that interferes with activity or sleep, pulling at ear
swallowing; no signs of dizziness ■ Discharge: only if tympanic membrane ruptures or through tympanostomy tubes;
■ Pain: discomfort, feeling of fullness foul- smelling
■ Discharge: none ■ Hearing: conductive loss as the middle ear fills with pus
■ Hearing: conductive loss as middle ■ Inspection: tympanic membrane with distinct erythema, thickened or clouding;
ear fills with fluid bulging; limited or absent movement to positive or negative pressure, air-fluid level
■ Inspection: tympanic membrane and/or bubbles
retracted or bulging, impaired mobility,
, bubbles
, AHA Exam 1 (Chen-Walta review)
Normal and General: Abnormal: Normal:
Abnormal ● Chronic disease increases the burden ■ Gingivitis: which is associated with ■ The lips have increased
findings in of oral disease, predisposing older plaque, hormonal changes, or foreign- vertical markings and appear
elderly adults to oral microbial infections, pain, body response dryer.
mouth/pharynx altered taste, difficulty chewing and ■ Periodontal disease is associated with ■ The buccal mucosa is thinner,
speaking, and dysphagia. DM, PVD, cerebrovascular disease, & less vascular, and less shiny
● Poor oral health can lead to weight CV disease which could be due to ■ Tongue may appear more fissures,
loss inflammation. This is marked by loss of and veins on its ventral surface
○ Periodontal disease is the 6th leading alveolar bone around teeth: Oral abx ■ Oral tissues may be dryer
complication of diabetes and can inhibit and chlorhexidine can slow it but may (xerostomia) esp with medications
glycemic control and poor glycemic control need root surface debridement. ■ Natural teeth may be worn down,
can contribute to periodontal disease ■ 59% of those 60-69 and 72% of those shortening the crown, and
○ Xerostomia (dry mouth) impairs oral 70+ have less than 20 teeth remaining altering enamel thickness.
function, promotes tooth decay, which can impact nutritional status.
exacerbates periodontal disease which can Dentures does not decrease the
be caused by many medications. malnutrition.
■ Dental caries is an infection. This can
○ Oral cancer is the 8th most common
cancer in men and 7x more likely in older spread to other organs. The use of
high- fluoride toothpaste can be
adults
○ Aspiration pna is a major cause of beneficial.
■ Dental caries may be present or
hospitalization and results in 20-50%
deterioration of dental restorations
mortality, oral hygiene can decrease
present.
this incidence.
■ Teeth may appear longer due to
○ 23% have untreated cavities and
70& periodontal disease reabsorption of the gum and bone
○ 1/3 are fully edentulous (missing all progresses which reveals the teeth
root.
natural teeth) or average 19 or less
■ Dental malocclusion may be caused by
remaining teeth
○ 17% have orofacial pain, facial, oral the migration of remaining teeth after
extractions.
sores, burning mouth, and toothache
Exam finding ○ Otitis media with effusion ○ Acute Otitis Media
with Otitis ■ Initial symptoms: sticking or ■ Initialsymptoms: abrupt onset, fever, feeling of blockage, anorexia, irritability
Media cracking sound on yawning or ■ Pain: deep-seated earache that interferes with activity or sleep, pulling at ear
swallowing; no signs of dizziness ■ Discharge: only if tympanic membrane ruptures or through tympanostomy tubes;
■ Pain: discomfort, feeling of fullness foul- smelling
■ Discharge: none ■ Hearing: conductive loss as the middle ear fills with pus
■ Hearing: conductive loss as middle ■ Inspection: tympanic membrane with distinct erythema, thickened or clouding;
ear fills with fluid bulging; limited or absent movement to positive or negative pressure, air-fluid level
■ Inspection: tympanic membrane and/or bubbles
retracted or bulging, impaired mobility,
, bubbles
