NUR 3805 Exam 1 Questions with complete solutions.

A nurse is talking to a legislator about the Continuum of Professional Development Model. Which factor makes this model a poor approach for determining the status of a profession? a. The model only uses two criteria to determine the status of a profession. b. Professions such as nursing always rank high with the public as a profession. c. The model does not have any clear criteria for determining a profession. d. Political power and money are usually more common in professions such a law. c Which of the following is an example of collective power? a. Informing legislators about issues that affect health and nursing. b. Organizing a large group of individuals who have similar beliefs and concerns. c. Working through professional organizations to increase individual accountability. d. Demonstrating that they are professionals dedicated to a career. b 3. Identify the information that would be most important to include in the content of an educational program on the topic of advance directives. a. A patient may change a treatment decision in an advance directive only if the patient's durable power of attorney approves the change. b. When admitted to the hospital, a patient must appoint a Durable Power of Attorney for health care decisions. c. Health care facilities are required to provide a patient information about their rights to execute an advanced directive. d. A health care facility is required to provide a patient an attorney when the patient is signing a living will. c 4. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates that the patient understands the teaching plan that a nurse presented concerning the long term complications of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? a. I'm glad that when I'm free of this disease I'll be able to do whatever I want. b. Going out on a cold night should be avoided. c. Frequent blood test are required for the rest of my life. d. I need to monitor myself for the signs of irritable bowel syndrome. d . Which of the following would be an expected finding in an age assessment of a 3 year old? Select all that apply. a. Speech is clear enough for strangers to understand. b. Can easily distinguish between what is real and what is make believe. c. Can draw a circle d. Follows multi-step instructions e. Can walk up and down stairs acde 6. A patient, whose spouse died four months ago, says to the nurse: "I would like my friend Joe to have my collection of guns because I'm not going to go hunting anymore". Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate? a. I'm sure Joe will appreciate your generosity. b. Are you thinking about hurting yourself? c. That is a good idea - guns are very dangerous. d. You sound sad. Tell me about the last time you went hunting. b 7. Which of the following would be included in the instructions to a patient about using a walker? Answer all that are correct. a. Keep your back straight while stepping into the walker b. Push the walker forward before taking a step. c. Don't lean over the walker. d. Hold the lower handgrips. e. When rising from a chair, lean forward a little and push off the chair. f. Take large steps when you need to. abce 8. Which instruction is appropriate for the nurse to give a patient who is scheduled for an MRI of the abdomen? a. Take off all jewelry and metal objects. b. Make sure not to eat anything for at least 12 hours before the MRI. c. Avoid urinating prior to the MRI. d. They will provide you with a pain medicine before the test begins. a 9. Select all the appropriate symptoms a patient with Crohn's disease would have? a. Rectal cramping and bleeding b. Fever and vomiting d. Weight gain e. Fatigue and headache f. Stomach swelling and flatus g. Frequent constipation abef 10. The primary use for Evidenced Based Practice is to: a. Help nursing gain its rightful position as a profession. b. Make safe and effective decisions about patient care. c. Decrease the cost of providing care for acutely ill patients. d. Make nurses more competitive with physicians. b 1. Identify all the elements that are found in the Mosaic Code of Laws. a. Caring for widows and orphans b. Elements of the Egyptian codes of sanitation c. Instructions for the construction and running of hospitals d. Health practices of neighboring Mediterranean countries e. Rituals for food preparation f. Defined roles for nurses abde 2. What is the most important aspect of the pinning ceremony for nurses? a. A family member or instructor must put the pin on the graduates' uniform. b. Only graduates with a high GPA are eligible to wear the pin. c. It is a sign of their legal authority as a licensed professional. d. The pin is a sign of caring. c 3. Which of the following statements should be included in a presentation on patient confidentiality? a. Consent to disclosure is implied when a patient is transferred from one health care provider or facility to another one. b. Verbal consent is sufficient to allow family members to see a patient's medical records. c. If a family member is at the hospital, he or she would be entitled to an update on the patient's status. a 4. A patient has a prescription for Tylenol at 650mg every 6 hours. A nurse only has 325mg pills of Tylenol available. How many pills would be administered every 6 hours? a. 6 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2 d 5. A patient is diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Which of the following would be recommended by a nurse as part of the patient's health care plan? a. Encourage vigorous exercise. b. Avoid eating fruits and vegetables c. Monitoring the lower limbs for signs of edema d. Severely limiting the daily intake of fluids. c 6. Which of the following symptoms would make a nurse suspect that a patient was in a state of hypovolemia? Select all that are appropriate. a. Weight gain of 6 pounds in 24 hours b. Increased urine output c. Urine is dark and concentrated d. Increased pulse rate e. Dizzy when rising to a standing position f. Moist mucous membranes g. Decreased blood pressure cdeg 7. What is the best response by the nurse to the spouse of a patient in a long term treatment facility who asks a nurse for information about the patient's laboratory results? a. You can ask your spouse for that information. b. I'm prohibited from giving any information about any patient including your spouse. c. If you can provide me with the patient's chart number, I can give you that information. d. It's best if you ask the physician about laboratory values. b Which of the following infectious control methods should be used when caring for a patient with mycoplasma pneumonia? a. Wear a surgical mask when within three feet of the patient. b. Gloves and gown a necessary when changing bed linens. c. No visitors are allowed in the isolation room. d. Group activities to minimize entering or leaving the room. a 9. A patient is brought to the emergency room with injuries that are indicative of physical abuse. She states fell off the couch while sleeping. Which of the following actions is most appropriate for the nurse to take? a. Ask the couple about the status of their relationship and identify any issues they may have. b. Ask the spouse if he has had issues with physical abuse before today. c. Call the police and have the spouse arrested. d. Ask the spouse to go to the cafeteria and get some coffee then question the patient about the possibility she was abused. d 10. Which of the following should the nurse include in a teaching plan for a patient diagnose with gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GERD)? Select all that apply. a. Lose weight at a slow but consistent rate. b. Eat a low-protein, high carbohydrate diet c. Do not wear tight fitting clothes d. Drink extra fluid with meals to increase digestion e. Remain in an upright position after eating f. stop smoking acef Select all of the following which interfere with the encoding of a message from a sender to a receiver. . Convoluted message b. Clear speech c. Monotone voice d. Use of jargon e. Understanding the information f. Preoccupation a c d f . True or False: Anyone can learn to use an assertive communication style and develop assertiveness. true 3. Identify the most important factor in the initial negotiation of a contract. a. Discussion of the important issues b. Posturing and showmanship c. Resolution of key conflicts d. Lack of willingness to negotiate a 4. A nurse is sitting by the bedside close to a patient to better hear him and letting him know that she has his full attention. What factor does the nurse need to keep in mind that may interfere with effective communication with this patient? a. The patient may not be hard of hearing b. The volume on the TV may be at a high setting c. The patient may have person space issues d. The nurse may need to sit closer to be most effective c 5. What is the primary reason that a nurse use silence when communicating with a patient about his diagnosis? a. A period of silence makes the patient feel uncomfortable b. Several periods of silence makes the teaching session longer c. Silence periods allow the patient to gather their thoughts before speaking d. Silence periods allow the nurse to think of her next question for the patient c What communication technique will make patients less likely to perceive communication from the nurse, as a personal attack? a. Using a firm, confident tone of voice b. Using encouraging words such as "Okay," and "Tell me more." c. Using "I" rather than "you" statements d. Keeping the conversation light c 7. What is usually considered to be an unfair labor practice? a. Being fired because a physician does not like a nurse's attitude b. Being passed over for promotion with an explanation of the rationale c. Being assigned to work five weekends in a row when the policy states that nurses will be required to work as needed d. Only being allowed 2 weeks of vacation during the first year of work. a 8. Select a practice that is an indication of failure to bargain in good faith. a. Agreeing to meet at reasonable times b. Sending individuals to negotiate who cannot make binding decisions c. Unwillingness to negotiate on all issues d. Exchanging lists of demands by both sides b 9. What is the most important feature of the shared governance model? a. Nursing administration retains most of the power over nurses to better regulate practice. b. Power and authority are transferred to the nursing staff rather than being located primarily in nursing administration. c. Clients are billed for nursing care as a separate item similar to the way they are billed for physician services. d. The nursing staff hierarchy structure is similar to the medical staff structure. b 10. What is the primary role of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service? a. To bring both sides together to work out a settlement b. To prevent nurses and other health-care groups from going on strike c. To develop a solution to the conflict that is binding on both sides d. To force management into accepting the employee demands a 1. Select all of the following that are correct: Which of the following are forms of cultural expression? a. Innate skills such as cooking and gardening b. Development of language c. Belief in the spiritual nature of humans d. Works of art e. Food preferences f. Response to bereavement b c d e f 2. True or False Culture is a monolithic concept. false 3. Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of cultural diversity? a. Race b. Skin color c. Sexual orientation d. Religious beliefs c 4. What is the primary reason that the population of working and young people in the United States is increasing even as the baby boomer generation ages? a. Baby boomers are dying at a higher rate than expected because of poor health habits b. A higher than expected birth rate due to the influx of large numbers of immigrants c. A second wave of "boomers" has developed among their children d. The US economy has become so strong that many women can remain at home and care for their children a 5. Which of the following is an accurate statement about nursing education programs and the incorporation of transcultural nursing into the curriculum? a. Most nursing programs are lagging behind making transcultural an integral part of the curriculum b. Programs are being forced to incorporate transcultural care in to their curriculums by the American Nurses Association c. Large nursing programs are leading the way in transcultural nursing d. Most nursing programs are far ahead of the curve when it comes to transcultural nursing a 6. True or False From a cultural viewpoint, what is happening in the health-care setting may be very different from what the nurse believes is occurring. true 7. Where does cultural awareness begin? a. When the nurse learns the language of the patient b. When the patient accepts the nurse as a trusted partner in care c. When the nurse notes how few results the patient's cultural health care practices bring to his or her care d. When the nurse understands her or his own cultural values and health-care beliefs d 8. Select all that are correct: When the nurse develops sensitivity to the nonverbal aspects of the communication process, which behaviors will he or she avoid that may relay a message of superiority, hostility, anger, or disapproval? a. Facial expressions b. Eye contact c. Touching d. Speaking too loudly e. Violating personal space f. Communicating badly in the patient's native language abce 9. Fill in the blanks with the correct words: Although recognition of __________ differences is important, it should be just one step toward the ultimate realization that there are more__________________ than differences among diverse cultures. cultural, similarities 10. True or False Learning about another person's culture guarantees that the nurse will have cultural awareness. false 1. Which statement is accurate about how the elderly view what it means to be healthy? a. They view themselves as unhealthy if they have a number of chronic diseases. b. Hospitalization for a long term disease process disturbs their concept of health. c. As long as they can continue to live their lives independently, they consider themselves to be in good health. d. The elderly view their health status similar to that of younger people because their self-images remain at the late 20s to early 30s. c 2. Which approach advocated by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) allows for better outcomes for those with chronic illness? a. It pays for all the care for the elderly including long term acute care in hospitals. b. It has new management programs that emphasize prevention and wellness throughout the health-care system, particularly in community care. c. It has several billion dollars available for research studies into chronic illness and the best ways to provide cost effective care both in the hospital and the community. d. It is a heavily flawed law that only provides care for the poor and undocumented aliens. b 3. How does Medicaid differ from Medicare? a. Medicare is a private insurance that is for primarily used by blue collar workers. b. Medicaid is a government sponsored program for the elderly. c. Medicare can be used by any citizen as long as they are below the 400 percent poverty level. d. Medicaid is primarily for low-income families and low-income individuals. d 4. What was the primary reason that some people were not allowed to keep their old health insurance policies when the Affordable Care Act (ACA) went into effect even though President Obama had promised that they could? a. The ACA set standards that the some junk policies did not meet. b. The President lied on purpose to get the ACA passed. c. Congress decided that a certain number of people should pay higher premiums. d. Some people decided that the ACA had better insurance than they did and dumped their old policies. a 5. True or False: Longevity has no effect on the total governmental expenditures for health care. false 6. What is an inaccurate statement about need for health care providers who specialize in elderly care? a. The medical community has been slow to respond to this trend. b. It is a golden opportunity for advanced practice nurses to fill the gap. c. Medical schools are increasing enrolment to meet the need of elder care d. The ACA places an increased emphasis on the integration of patient care requiring that elder care be linked with preventive measures such as screening, counseling, education, and the social determinants of healthy behaviors. c 7. Positive continuous reinforcement is a technique that has proved effective in which of the following health care activities related to the elderly? a. Reinforcing self-care behaviors that elderly persons tend to forget. b. Decreasing the use of antidepressants and other behavior modifying medications. c. Increasing the patient's awareness of the spiritual elements of their being. d. Changing their current behavioral patterns. d 8. Fill in the blanks with the correct words: With aging and changes in ___________status, many of the elderly find new meanings for their ___________. health, existence 9. True or False: Nursing has a relatively short history of incorporating spirituality into health care. true 10. Select all that are correct answers: Nurses need to understand that spirituality in the elderly may entail an appreciation of which of the following physical experiences? a. Walking along a beach b. Being blessed by a priest c. Eating good food d. Laughing e. Participating in sexual expression f. Reading entertaining literature a c d e f The following each describes one of five of the stages in Benner's model of the process by which a nurse acquires clinical skills and judgment: novice, advanced beginner, competence, proficient, expert. Put the descriptions in the correct order according to their corresponding stages. 1Is task oriented and focuses on "learning the rules" 2Has a more sophisticated use of rules; recognition of abnormal findings but not of significance 3Can handle patient load and prioritize situations 4Can see the "big picture," coordinate services, and forecast needs 5Can recognize problems in the absence of classic signs and symptoms ... The case method, also called total care, is one-to-one care; one nurse provides all aspects of care for one patient during a single shift. An inpatient may have a different nurse on each shift. Although this method may be satisfying for patients and nurses, high costs limit its use. The case method is used in intensive care, labor and delivery, and private duty care. In this method, the patient's needs are quickly met, the nurse and patient work more closely together, and the nurse has a greater degree of autonomy. In functional nursing, care is compartmentalized, with each task assigned to a staff member with the appropriate knowledge and skills. For example, the nursing assistant may give bed baths and make beds, the licensed practical nurse (LPN) may distribute medications, and the registered nurse (RN) may be in charge and perform ordered treatments. The team approach is an efficient arrangement for delivering nursing care and maintains the cost saving of functional nursing while attempting to limit fragmentation. In team nursing, a licensed nurse (RN or LPN) is paired with a nursing assistant or nursing assistive personnel. The team is then assigned to a group of patients. In primary nursing, one nurse manages care for a group of patients. The primary nurse assesses the patient and develops a plan of care. When she is at work, she provides care for the patients for whom she is responsible. In her absence, associate nurses deliver care and implement the plan developed by the primary nurse. ... Which of the following are factors that had a strong influence on the evolution of professional nursing? Societal beliefs, christianity, military NOT: architecture, marketplace, buddhism Ambulatory care centers are used by people who require same-day cost-effective healthcare. Ambulatory care is synonymous with outpatient care and provides services for clients who are able to come and go to and from the facility. Typically, they treat only common ailments and refer complex or serious illnesses to specialized physicians or emergency rooms. A nursing home provides custodial care for people who cannot live on their own but are not sick enough to require hospitalization. It provides a room, custodial care, and recreation and may be a permanent residence for people who require continual supervision to ensure their safety. Rehabilitation centers provide extended care and treatment for patients with physical and mental illness. Types of services include alcohol and drug rehabilitation, physical rehabilitation services for patients who have experienced traumatic injuries, and rehabilitation of patients after stroke or heart attack. Rehabilitation services may be inpatient, outpatient, or a combination. Assisted living facilities were designed to bridge the gap between independence and institutionalization for older adults who have a decline in health status and cannot live alone independently. Residents of these facilities are able to perform self-care activities but require assistance with meals, housekeeping, or medications. ... Which of the following trends in the United States is most likely to increase the demand for nurses and other healthcare professionals? Growing proportion of older adults NOT: Increased access to health and medical information among healthcare consumers Which of the following are purposes of therapeutic communication? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. 1) Achieve client goals2) Establish the therapeutic relationship3) Assist the nurse in working out her own personal issues4) Make the client feel comfortable5) Obtain healthcare information6) Express interest, concern, and caring 1. 2. 5. 6. Restating means using your own words to summarize the message you received from the client. Clarifying messages helps ensure that you have accurately interpreted the information. It involves expressing a lack of understanding of the client's statement and requesting further explanation. To validate the message, instead of just requesting further explanation from the client regarding a statement, go ahead and suggest your interpretation and ask whether it is correct. Summarizing involves presenting a condensed version of all that has been discussed during a conversation to demonstrate active listening and allow the client to clarify any misunderstandings. ... Deductive reasoning Deduction starts with a general premise and moves to a specific deduction. A conceptual framework (also referred to as a theoretical framework) is a set of concepts that are related to form a whole or pattern. Frameworks (and models) tend to be broader and more philosophical than theories. Induction REASONING specific to the general. You gather separate pieces of information, recognize a pattern, and form a generalization. In this case, you observed various signs and symptoms—limping, redness, swelling, and pain—and induced from them that the patient likely has a fractured bone. conceptual model is a model that is expressed in language—the symbols are words. Theory: *helps us find meaning in our experiences *way of viewing reality *based on observations on facts NOT: a fact, collection of random..., does not answer who am i Aspects of reality that you can observe and experience are called phenomena (singular, phenomenon). Assumptions are ideas that we take for granted. In a theory, they are the ideas that the theorist or researcher presumes, or takes for granted, to be true and does not intend to test with research. A concept is a mental image of a phenomenon. It is formed by generalizing an abstract idea from your experiences and observations of events, objects, and properties, and it exists as a symbol (e.g., a word or picture) in your mind. A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term or concept that sets forth the concept's characteristics or indicators—that is, the things that allow you to identify the concept. ... Which of the following accurately describe nursing research? systematic, involves analysis of phenomena, encompasses all clinical practice, provide evidence on which to base nursing care The main purpose of quantitative, not qualitative, research is to gather data from enough subjects (people being studied) to be able to generalize the results to a similar population. Quantitative, not qualitative, research depends on large numbers of subjects to generalize the results to similar populations. Qualitative research focuses on the lived experience of people. Qualitative research uses words, quotations from persons interviewed, observations, and other nonnumeric sources of data. In quantitative, not qualitative, research, researchers carefully control data collection and are careful to maintain the objectivity of the process. The purpose of qualitative research is not to generalize the data, but instead to share the experience of the person or persons in the study. ... You are formulating a searchable research question that considers the effectiveness of nonpharmacological methods of pain management with the use of analgesics. You are at the point now at which you are deciding which nonpharmacological methods to research. At which point in the acronym PICO is this question addressed? 1) P2) I3) C4) O I "P" stands for patient or problem. The following questions are included in this area: What is the medical diagnosis, nursing diagnosis, patient problem, symptom, situation, or need that requires an intervention? How would you describe a group of similar patients? "I" stands for intervention. The following questions are included in this area: Which intervention are you considering? Specifically, what might help the problem (improve the situation, etc.)? "C" stands for comparison intervention. The following question is included in this area: What other interventions are being considered or used? "O" stands for outcomes. The following questions are included in this area: What effect could the intervention realistically have? What do you hope to achieve? ... Nightingale's "idea" was that more soldiers would survive if they had a clean and healthy environment and nutritious food (so that the body could heal itself). Henderson's 1966 book, The Nature of Nursing, described her theory of nursing's primary, unique function. She identified 14 basic needs that are addressed by nursing care. Dr. Peplau's "idea" was that health could be improved for psychiatric patients if there were a more effective way to communicate with them. Nola Pender's theory of health promotion is the basis for most health promotion teaching done by nurses. ... A grand theory covers broad areas of concern within a discipline. A grand theory is usually abstract and does not outline specific nursing interventions. Instead, it tends to deal with the relationships among nurse, person, health, and environment. Clinical practice theories specifically guide what you do each day. They are limited in scope—that is, they do not attempt to explain all of nursing. A conceptual framework (also referred to as a theoretical framework) is a set of concepts that are related to form a whole or pattern. Frameworks (and models) tend to be broader and more philosophical than theories. A conceptual model (sometimes referred to as a conceptual framework) is a model that is expressed in language—the symbols are words. ... After consulting with many nursing colleagues, you are surprised at how many do not use research as the basis for their practice. Which of the following are common barriers to using research? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. 1) Negative attitudes toward research2) Lack of research conducted in areas relevant to the field of nursing3) Lack of knowledge of nursing research4) Inadequate forums for disseminating research5) Lack of support from the employing institution6) Study findings that are not ready for the clinical environment 1 3 4 5 6 Maslow's original hierarchy of basic human needs had six needs, which were as follows, from most basic to least basic: 1. Physiological needs. 2. Safety and security needs. 3. Love and belonging needs. 4. Self-esteem needs. 5. Self-actualization needs. Later research led Maslow to identify another even higher need: the need for transcendence of self. ... The four essential concepts are person, environment, health, and nursing. ... Authority and tradition is an approach to gaining knowledge that relies on an expert or doing "what has always been done." In this case, you questioned authority and tradition by not just accepting the hospital's established approach and, instead, you used the scientific method to test your hypothesis that another way might be more efficient. Scientific method is the process in which the researcher, through use of the senses, systematically collects observable, verifiable data to describe, explain, or predict events using objective techniques. This is the approach you take in the scenario above, in which the recorded times for administering medication are the empirical data. Logical reasoning is an approach in which you use your knowledge and the facts available to form conclusions. Trial and error plus common sense involves trying different approaches until you find one that works. ... The five phases of the research process are as follows: 1. Select and define the problem. 2. Select a research design. 3. Collect data. 4. Analyze data. 5. Use the research findings. ...