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Summary 3.2.2 Mitosis notes

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Summary for the entire of 3.2.2 for AQA A-level Biology

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3.2.2


Mitosis
• Interphase: bef mitosis
- cells grow
- DNA replicated (genetic content doubled)
- chromosomes become double structures (1 = chromatid,
held together by centromere, matching = sister chromatids)
- organelles replicated
Mitosis
• growth + repair
• parent cell divides to produce 2 identical daughter cells w.
exact copy of parents’ DNA
• Prophase: chromosomes condense = thicker :. visible
- nuclear envelope begins disappear
- from centrioles, spindle bres develop
- nucleolus disappears
• Metaphase: spindle bres form
- chromosomes line up cell centre
• Anaphase: centromere splits in 2
- spindle bres pull chromatids apart
- chromatids move opposite poles
• Telophase: chromosomes = longer/thinner :. less visible
- spindle bres disintegrate
- nucleolus + nuclear envelope reform
• Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides




Cancer
• disease caused by uncontrolled cell division
• group of abnormal cells form (tumour) develops + expands constantly
• cancer drugs block cell cycle at some point :. divisoin + tumour growth stop
• prevent DNA from replicating
• inhibit metaphase by interfering w. spindle bre formation
• problems: disrupt cell cycle of norm cells. e ective against rapidly dividing cells :. normal cells
e.g. hair-producing cells vulnerable to damage - hair loss

Binary Fission
• prokaryotes
• replication of circular DNA + plasmids
• cytoplasm divides = 2 daughter cells: single copy circular DNA + variable nº copies of plasmids

Virus Replication
• inject their nucleic acid into host cell
• infected host replicates nucleic acid, synthesises protein coats
• host cell ruptures releasing virus particles





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Browse related subjects

Subjects

  • mitosis
  • cell cycle
  • interphase
  • metaphase
  • prophase
  • telophase
  • anaphase
  • cancer
  • binary fission
  • virus replication

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