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Summary 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 Monomers, Polymers and Carbohydrates

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Summary for the entire of 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 for AQA A-level Biology

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3.1.1/2


Monomers & Polymers
• variety of life = extensive but biochemical basis = similar for all living things
• monomers = smaller units which make larger molecules
- e.g. monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides
• polymers = molecules made from ↑ nº monomers joined together




• joins 2 • breaks chemical
molecules w. bond between 2
formation of molecules
chemical bond • involves use of
• elimination of water molecule
water molecule




Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
• monomers = larger carbs
• e.g. glucose, fructose, galactose
• all soluble
• 2 glucose isomers:


Disaccharides
• 2 monosaccharides join by condensation and form glycosidic bond (all soluble)
• maltose -> α glucose + α glucose
• lactose -> α glucose + galactose
• sucrose -> α glucose + fructose




1-4 glycosidic bond

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Subjects

  • polymer
  • monomer
  • hydrolysis
  • condensation
  • glycosidic
  • starch
  • cellulose
  • glucose
  • fructose
  • sucrose

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