HESI 2022 NEW PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SOLUTION

HESI 2022 NEW PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SOLUTION For which clinical indicator associated with a complication of portal hypertension would the nurse assess the client? a. liver abcess b. intestinal obstruction c. perforation of the duodenum hemorrhage from esophageal varices - ANS IS c. The increased pressure within the portal circulatory system causes increased pressure in areas of portal systemic collateral circulation (most importantly, in the distal esophagus and proximal stomach). Hemorrhage is a possible complication. Liver abscesses may occur as a complication of intestinal infections, not portal hypertension. Intestinal obstruction may be caused by manipulation of the bowel during surgery, peritonitis, neurological disorders, or organic obstruction, not portal hypertension. Perforation of the duodenum usually is caused by peptic ulcers; it is not a direct result of portal hypertension or cirrhosis. A client with schizophrenia takes ziprasidone. Which conditions in the client may indicate a need to discontinue the medication? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. leukoenia b. tachycardia c. hypokalemia d. hypermagnesemia e. prolonged QT interval - ANS IS a, c, e Ziprasidone is a second-generation antipsychotic medication indicated for schizophrenia. The medication may cause leukopenia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia. This medication may cause a prolonged QT interval, which indicates torsades de pointes. Bradycardia may occur in torsades de pointes but not tachycardia. A client is prone to hyponatremia. Which factors would the nurse identify that can precipitate hyponatremia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. wound drainage b. diuretic therapy c. GI suction d. parenteral infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride e. inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretions - ANS IS a, b, c, e Wound drainage can result in hyponatremia from loss of sodium ions. Most diuretics interfere with sodium reabsorption in the nephrons and have the side effect of hyponatremia. Gastrointestinal fluids are rich in sodium ions, which are lost by GI suction. With the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), high levels of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are produced, causing the body to retain water instead of excreting it normally in the urine. Parenteral infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride, an isotonic solution, should be compatible with body fluids; if given in excess, it may lead to hypernatremia. Which statements made by the client identify regulatory functions of the kidney? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. erhtropoiesis b. acid base balance c. vitamin D activation d. blood pressure control e. fluid and electrolyte balance - ANS IS b, e Maintaining the acid-base balance of the body by selectively reabsorbing and secreting certain substances from the blood is a regulatory function of the kidneys. The kidneys also perform the regulatory function of electrolyte balance by regulating the reabsorption of certain electrolytes while eliminating others depending on their levels in the serum. The kidneys perform hormonal function by secreting a hormone called erythropoietin that aids in synthesis of red blood cells (erythropoiesis). Activation of vitamin D is a hormonal function of the kidneys. The kidneys perform hormonal function by secreting t