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Samenvatting PB2212 - Adolescentiepsychologie

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Een prachtige samenvatting van het vak Adolescentiepsychologie (PB2212). Het document bevat zowel een langere als een kortere samenvatting. De vormgeving is overzichtelijk en steunkleuren helpen bij het lezen van de tekst en het leren van de inhoud.

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Samenvatting
PB2212
Adolescentiepsychologie
Hans Smits

,Toelichting
In deze samenvatting volg ik de lijn van de tekst in yOUlearn van de cursus Adolescentiepsy-
chologie (PB2212). De samenvatting betreft grotendeels het boek van Slot en Van Aken
(2019), Psychologie van de adolescentie: Basisboek, Amersfoort: ThiemeMeulenhoff.

Uitleg van de gebruikte kleuren:
Belangrijk begrip of definitie
Belangrijk persoon
Korte samenvatting
Externe bron
Afbeelding, schema, tabel, grafiek
Stof uit yOUlearn



2

,Inhoud

Thema 1 – Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Adolescentie in de levensloop ...................................................................................................................... 7
1. Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Vooraf ................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Adolescentie: een beschrijving ........................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Puberteit en adolescentie ................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Een moeilijke leeftijd?......................................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Een ontwikkelingspsychologisch uitgangspunt ................................................................................... 9
1.6 De opzet van dit boek: adolescentie als periode van transities ....................................................... 11
1.2 Theorieën rondom de adolescentie ........................................................................................................... 11
2. Theorieën over de adolescentie .............................................................................................................. 12
2.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 12
2.2 De rol van theorieën over de ontwikkeling: ontwikkelingstaken als voorbeeld ............................... 12
2.3 Vier theoretische benaderingen van de adolescentie ...................................................................... 13
2.4 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Thema 2 – Fysieke en psychoseksuele ontwikkelingen tijdens de adolescentie .................................................. 17
2.1 Lichamelijke ontwikkeling .......................................................................................................................... 17
3. Lichamelijke ontwikkeling in de adolescentie ......................................................................................... 17
3.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 17
3.2 De lichamelijke veranderingen tijdens de adolescentie ................................................................... 17
3.3 Rijping en lichamelijke ontwikkeling en het functioneren van adolescenten .................................. 20
3.4 Verklaringen voor de invloed van de lichamelijke ontwikkeling op het functioneren ..................... 23
3.5 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................... 24
2.2 Hersenontwikkeling .................................................................................................................................... 24
4. Hersenontwikkeling in de adolescentie ................................................................................................... 24
4.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 24
4.2 Hersenontwikkeling .......................................................................................................................... 25
4.3 Puberteit ........................................................................................................................................... 25
4.4 Hersenontwikkeling en gedrag ......................................................................................................... 26
4.5 Executieve functies ........................................................................................................................... 26
4.6 Risico’s en beloningen ...................................................................................................................... 26
4.7 Gezichten en emoties ....................................................................................................................... 26
4.8 Sociale interacties ............................................................................................................................. 27
4.9 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................... 27
2.3 Psychoseksuele ontwikkeling ..................................................................................................................... 28
5. Psychoseksuele ontwikkeling in de adolescentie .................................................................................... 28
5.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 28
5.2 Adolescenten en seksualiteit: de Nederlandse context .................................................................... 28
5.3 Sekse, gender en seksuele oriëntatie ............................................................................................... 28
5.4 Psychoseksuele ontwikkeling: normatieve, riskante en positieve aspecten .................................... 29
5.5 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................... 32
Thema 3 – Cognitieve, emotionele en morele ontwikkeling tijdens de adolescentie .......................................... 33
3.1 Cognitieve ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................. 33
6. Cognitieve ontwikkeling in de adolescentie ............................................................................................ 33
6.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 33
6.2 Benaderingen van cognitieve ontwikkeling ...................................................................................... 33


3

, 6.3 De Piagetiaanse benadering ............................................................................................................. 33
6.4 De informatieverwerkingsbenadering .............................................................................................. 35
6.5 De psychometrische benadering ...................................................................................................... 36
6.6 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................... 38
3.2 Emotionele ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 38
7. Emotionele ontwikkeling in de adolescentie ........................................................................................... 38
7.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 38
7.2 Wat is ‘emotie’? ................................................................................................................................ 38
7.3 Waarom ervaren we emotie? ........................................................................................................... 38
7.4 Emotionele ontwikkeling vóór de adolescentie ................................................................................ 39
7.5 Emotionele ontwikkeling in de adolescentie .................................................................................... 39
7.6 Socialisatie van emotie in de adolescentie ....................................................................................... 40
7.7 Emotionele problematiek in de adolescentie ................................................................................... 41
7.8 Emotie-interventie in de adolescentie .............................................................................................. 42
7.9 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................... 42
3.3 Morele ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................... 43
10. Morele ontwikkeling in de adolescentie................................................................................................ 43
10.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 43
10.2 Morele ontwikkeling ....................................................................................................................... 43
10.3 Morele oordelen en andere oordelen ............................................................................................ 43
10.4 De biologische basis van het vermogen tot moreel oordelen ........................................................ 43
10.5 Morele ontwikkeling en de ontwikkeling van moreel affect .......................................................... 44
10.6 Morele ontwikkeling en morele internalisatie................................................................................ 44
10.7 De ontwikkeling van moreel redeneren ......................................................................................... 44
10.8 Moraliteit en sekse ......................................................................................................................... 46
10.9 Moraliteit en cultuur ....................................................................................................................... 46
10.10 Moreel gedrag: relaties met oordelen, affect en identiteit .......................................................... 46
10.11 Besluit ........................................................................................................................................... 47
Thema 4 – Identiteits- en autonomie-ontwikkeling .............................................................................................. 48
4.1 Ontwikkeling van het zelf en de identiteit ................................................................................................. 48
8. Ontwikkeling van het zelf en de identiteit ............................................................................................... 48
8.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 48
8.2 De ontwikkeling van het zelf ............................................................................................................. 48
8.3 De ego-ontwikkelingstheorie van Loevinger..................................................................................... 50
8.4 De identiteitstheorie van Erikson ..................................................................................................... 51
8.5 Ontwikkeling van identiteitsvorming ................................................................................................ 52
8.6 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................... 53
4.2 Autonomie-ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 53
9. Autonomie-ontwikkeling in de adolescentie ........................................................................................... 53
9.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................ 53
9.2 Het paraplubegrip autonomie: onafhankelijkheid versus vrijwillig functioneren ............................ 53
9.3 Ontwikkeling van autonomie ............................................................................................................ 55
9.4 Autonomie als bron van welbevinden en basis voor latere ontwikkeling ........................................ 56
9.5 Contexten die bijdragen tot de ontwikkeling van autonomie, of die hinderen ................................ 57
9.6 Is autonomie een privilege voor westerse jongeren? ....................................................................... 59
9.7 Besluit ............................................................................................................................................... 59
Thema 5 – Rol van de sociale omgeving van de adolescent ................................................................................. 60
5.1 De rol van het gezin .................................................................................................................................... 60
11. De rol van het gezin ............................................................................................................................... 60

4

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Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9789006105612 Edition: 26

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