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oll
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ngt
erms
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oni
zat
ionener
gy
Thisi
sminimum ener
gyrequi
redtoremoveanel
ect
ron
fr
om agaseousatom t
ofrom agaseousi
on
b)Gr
oundst
ateofat
om
Thi
sist
hel
owestener
gyl
evel
ofanat
om
c)el
ect
ronaf
fi
nit
y
Thisi
stheener
gyr
eleasedwhenanel
ect
roni
saddedt
oa
gaseousat
om.
d)El
ect
ronegat
ivi
ty
Thi
sisthepowerwit
hwhi
chanat
om wi
l
lat
tractel
ect
rons
toi
tsel
finamolecul
e
e)r
epr
esent
ati
veel
ement
s
Gr
oups1ato7awhichhavei
ncompl
etel
yfi
l
ledsandp
or
bit
alsoft
hehi
ghestn-
val
ue
f
)Par
amagnet
icat
om
Anat
om withoneormor
eunpai
redel
ect
ronsi
nsomeof
i
tsor
bit
als
g)Di
amagnet
icat
om
Anat
om wi
thal
lel
ect
ronspai
redi
nit
sor
bit
als
h)Homogenousmi
xtur
e
Thi
sismi
xtur
ethati
suni
for
mincomposi
ti
on
i
)Ex
cit
edst
ateofat
om
Thi
sisanat
om i
nwhi
cht
het
otal
ener
gyofel
ect
ronscan
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ansf
err
ingoneormor
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ect
ronst
o
di
ff
erentorbi
tal
s
j
)Het
erogeneousmi
xtur
e
Thi
sismi
xtur
ethati
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for
mincomposi
ti
on
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ansi
ti
onel
ement
Gr
oups1b,
3bt
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thi
ncompl
etel
yfi
l
leddor
bit
als
l
) At
omi
cnumber
Thenumberofprotonsi
nt henucl
eusofanatoms,whi
chi
s
charact
eri
sti
cofachemicalel
ementanddetermi
nesit
spl
ace
i
nt heperi
odi
ctabl
e
m)
Thegr
oundst
ateofanat
om
Thi
sist
hel
owestener
gyl
evel
ofanat
om
n)Quant
izat
ionofener
gy
Thi
sistheconceptthataphy
sical
quant
it
ycanhav
eonl
y
cer
tai
ndiscr
etevalues
o)Hy
drogenbond
Thi
sistheat
tracti
veforcebet
weenthehydr
ogenattachedtoan
el
ectr
onegat
iveatom ofonemolecul
eandelect
ronegati
ve
at
om ofadif
ferentmolecul
e.
p)Mol
efr
act
ion
Thi
sisnumberofmol
esofacomponent
sdi
vi
dedbyt
het
otal
numberofmol
esofasol
uti
on.
q)I
sot
opes
Eachoft
woormor efor
msofsameel ementt
hatcont
ainequal
numberofpr
otonsbutdi
ff
erentnumber
sofneut
ronsinthei
r
, nucl
eu,andhencedi
ff
eri
nrel
ati
veat
omi
cmassbutnoti
n
chemicalpr
oper
ti
es
r
) Nobl
egases
Thesearechemicalelementsingr oup18ofper
iodi
ctabl
ewhi
ch
arethemoststabl
eduet ohavingthemaximum numberof
val
enceelect
ronsintheiroutershell
s)Degener
ateor
bit
als
Or
bit
alswi
tht
hesameener
gy
t
)Dat
ivebond
ThisisCovalentchemi
calbondbet
weent woatomsthati
s
producedwhenoneat om shar
eapairofelect
ronswi
thanot
her
at
om l acki
ngsuchapair
u)Al
kal
iear
thmet
als
El
ement
sint
hesecondcol
umnoft
heper
iodi
ctabl
e
v
)Mol
ari
ty
Thi
sisnumberofmol
esofsol
utedi
ssol
vedi
nli
terofsol
uti
on
w)Massnumber
Tot
alnumberofpr
otonsandneut
ronsi
nanucl
eus
x)Al
kal
imet
als
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lel
ement
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ngr
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iodi
ctabl
e
y
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uti
on
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nat
ionofsol
uteandsol
vent
z)Nor
mal
i
ty
I
snumberofmol
eequi
val
ent
sperl
i
terofsol
uti
on
