nr 283 unit 1

(Chapters 1, 2, & 21) Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology 1. What are the 7 steps of health? • Be a nonsmoker and avoid second-hand smoke. • Eat 5 to 10 servings of vegetables and fruits a day. Choose high-fiber, lower-fat foods. If you drink alcohol, limit your intake to one to two drinks a day. • Be physically active on a regular basis. This will also help you maintain a healthy body weight. • Protect yourself and your family from the sun. • Follow cancer screening guidelines. • Visit you doctor or dentist if you notice any change in your normal state of health. • Follow health and safety instructions at home and work when using, storing, and disposing of hazardous materials. 2. What is the definition of disease? • A deviation from the normal structure or function of any part, organ, system (or combination of these), or from a state of wellness. 3. Describe what homeostasis is: • The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes. a. Which factors indicate how well the body is maintaining homeostasis? (3 listed) • Blood pressure, body temperature, and fluid balance. 4. Describe the following & list examples: a. Primary Prevention i. When is this implemented? o Goal is to protect healthy people from developing a disease or experiencing an injury in the first place. Examples include education about good nutrition, importance of regular exercise, dangers of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs, seat belt and helmet use, regular exams and screening tests to monitor risk factors for illness, immunizations, controlling potential hazards at home. b. Secondary Prevention i. When is this implemented? o Happens after an illness or serious risk factor has already been diagnosed, and goal is to halt or slow the progress of disease in its earliest stages, in case of injury, goals include limiting long-term disability and preventing reinjury. Examples include: daily, low-dose aspirin to prevent first or second heart attack or stroke, recommending regular exams and screening tests in people with known risk factors for illness, and providing suitably modified work for injured workers. c. Tertiary Prevention i. When is this implemented? o Focuses on helping people manage complicated, long-term health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and chronic musculoskeletal pain, and goals include further physical deterioration and maximizing quality of life. Examples include: cardiac