Human_anatomy_TEAS_V.

Human_anatomy_TEAS_V. Integumentary system (Aka your skin) • Main Functions of the Integumentary system – Protection • Bacteria • UV light • Physical insult – Prevents Dehydration • Keratin (protein that waterproofs the skin) – Heat Control – Regulate Body Temperature – Vitamin D Production • Epidermis – Mostly dead cells ( your outer skin is dead and flakes off_ – Cytoplasm is filled with keratin • Dermis – Blood vessels – Loose Connective tissue – Dense Connective tissue • Collagen and elastic fibers • Wrinkles happen when elastin protein breaks down • Hypodermis (not skin) – Loose Connective • Adipose (this is fat) Skeletal system • Four Main Functions – Support – Movement • Attachment of muscles – Protection • Skull  Brain – Storage of Minerals • Ca and P Inner bone structure • Periosteum (think of the skin surrounding the bone on a chicken wing) – Membrane on the outside of bone – Nourishes bone (nutrients, blood, oxygen) • Compact Bone ( the outer shell of a bone) – on the surface • Compact bone is made up Osteons ( which are structured like tree rings) • Osteons have: – Central Canal • Blood vessels • Nerve Osteocytes –mature bone cells • Spongy Bone – is the middle of the bone and has two types of bone marrow • Red Bone Marrow – Hematopoietic • Red blood cells • White Blood Cells • Platelets – Mesenchymal • Osteocytes and chondrocytes • Yellow Bone Marrow – Fat Storage Joints • Fibrous Joints – Sutures in skull • Cartilaginous Joints – Ribs to sternum – Pubic symphysis in child birth (cartilage to collape when going through the birth canal) • Synovial Joints (knee, hip, elbow, ankle, others) – Synovial membrane – Cartilage – Ligaments (dense connective) hold bones Bones to know for the TEAS V 1) On yourself, locate the following: a. Patella – also known as the knee cap b. Tibia – the large bone in your shin (lower leg) c. Fibula – the small bone in your shin (lower leg) d. Talus – the bone at the base of your anterior shin e. Femur – The largest bone in your leg (thigh) f. Humerus – the largest bone in your arm g. Ulna – of the two bones in your forearm, this is on your little finger side h. Radius – of the two bones in your forearm, this is on your thumb side i. Scapula – the shoulder blade j. Os coxa – the pelvic bone or hip k. Calcaneus – the ball of your ankle l. Sternum – at the midline of your body over the heart and between the lungs m. Clavicle – the collar bone n. Ribs – 12 of them on each side o. Metacarpal I-V (when numbering your hand I is thumb, II is index, III is middle finger, IV is ring finger, V is the pinky, the metacarpals are deep to the palm p. Proximal phalanx I ( proximal means closest to the elbow in this case, phalanx is a finger bone) q. Distal phalanx I (distal means farther away) r. Proximal phalanx II-V s. Middle Phalanx II-V t. Distal Phalanx II-V You also have vertebrae in your back. Cervical 1-7, Thoracic 1-12, Lumbar 1-5, the sacrum (fused together above the tail bone, and the coccyx the tailbone.