, CHAPTER 1
Chapter 1 is only a book overview,so there is no useful information in this chapter.
, CHAPTER 2
The physical development of the adolescent :
Teenage years = the years of the storm and stress.
Puberty is not a single process, but encompasses a suit of developmental changes.
Puberty or adolescence is marked by a growth spurt and a range of pubertal changes. (internal
or external changes).
External bodily changes : for example, increase in height and mass, as well as changes in
bodily proportions
Internal bodily changes : for example, subtle changes in adolescents’ nutritional needs and
digestive processes, their motor capabilities and skills, and their strength and endurance.
A complex interaction of hormones release by the pituitary and sex glands = drastic and rapid
physical changes of the body.
These factors often cause problems and stress for the adolescent :
Adolescents are acutely aware of their body and worry whether theirs will develop naturally
and acceptably.
Irregular growth (asynchronism) causes awkwardness, and they frequently seem
uncoordinated.
First menarche can be traumatic for an unprepared girl.
Nightly semen emissions can cause shame, humiliation, uneasiness and guilt for a boy.
Both genders are upset by acne (due to sensitivity about appearance)
Obesity can also damage an adolescents’ self-image, and can cause negative psychological
factors.
To develop a sense of identity Adolescents must :
Accept the changes in their body
Integrate the changes into their self-image and
Retain a sense of community
(they should feel that they are still the same person)
The way in which adolescents perceive their body may therefore have important psychological
consequences and may construct or improve the forming of the self-concept.
The self-concept is influenced by the following :
What adolescent feel other think of them:
The impression they make on their peer group: they conform to the social behaviour of the
group, and at times, also to their norms for physical appearance and accomplishments.
The characteristics of the physical growth of the adolescent :
Characterised by various changes in the child that lead to reproductive maturity.
Pituitary gland plays a major role in these changes.
Physical change starts when the hypothalamus section in the brain activates the pituitary gland
to secrete growth and sexual hormones.
Hormonal changes trigger a rapid increase in height and mass, as well as changes in the body’s
proportions.
Accelerated growth during adolescence :
Typical of the pubescent period.
During this period, various changes that take place lead to reproductive maturity.
Downloaded by: Izak1996 |
Pituitary gland plays an important role
Distribution indocument
of this the commencement
is illegal of pubescence.
, Pubescence gradually gives way to puberty.
Puberty is seen as point at which reproductive maturity is reached.
Physical changes take place as follows :
Hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete growth and sex hormones
(somatotropin and gonadotropin)
These activating hormones activate most of the other endocrine glands
Endocrine glands in turn release their respective hormones into the adolescents system.
Hormones include sex hormones : testosterone and oestrogen.
Hormones stimulate the forming of sperm cells and ova (eggs) respectively and are
responsible for the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in boys and girls
Activating hormones of pituitary gland also cooperate with other hormones, such as
thyroxin and cortisol, to promote the forming of bone and muscle.
Hormonal changes = rapid increase in body length and mass,while the proportions of the
adolescent’s body begins to change. ( = Growth spurt)
Girls : 9 ½ and 14 ½ (generally 10)
Boys : 10 ½ and 16 (generally 12 or 13)
Last approximately 2 years, and soon after it ends, the adolescent reaches sexual maturity.
Girls reach their mature body length approximately 2 years before boys.
Girls are heavier & stronger than boys between ages 11 – 13 but boys catch up due to a
more intense growth spurt and are generally taller.
Boys reach their mature height at approximate 21 and girls at 17.
All skeletal and muscular proportions are affected but in different degrees which causes
clumsiness and poor coordination, but this is restored after the growth spurt.
Growth rate is influenced byDownloaded
genetic, endocrine, emotional and environmental factors but varies
by: Izak1996 |
for each person.
Chapter 1 is only a book overview,so there is no useful information in this chapter.
, CHAPTER 2
The physical development of the adolescent :
Teenage years = the years of the storm and stress.
Puberty is not a single process, but encompasses a suit of developmental changes.
Puberty or adolescence is marked by a growth spurt and a range of pubertal changes. (internal
or external changes).
External bodily changes : for example, increase in height and mass, as well as changes in
bodily proportions
Internal bodily changes : for example, subtle changes in adolescents’ nutritional needs and
digestive processes, their motor capabilities and skills, and their strength and endurance.
A complex interaction of hormones release by the pituitary and sex glands = drastic and rapid
physical changes of the body.
These factors often cause problems and stress for the adolescent :
Adolescents are acutely aware of their body and worry whether theirs will develop naturally
and acceptably.
Irregular growth (asynchronism) causes awkwardness, and they frequently seem
uncoordinated.
First menarche can be traumatic for an unprepared girl.
Nightly semen emissions can cause shame, humiliation, uneasiness and guilt for a boy.
Both genders are upset by acne (due to sensitivity about appearance)
Obesity can also damage an adolescents’ self-image, and can cause negative psychological
factors.
To develop a sense of identity Adolescents must :
Accept the changes in their body
Integrate the changes into their self-image and
Retain a sense of community
(they should feel that they are still the same person)
The way in which adolescents perceive their body may therefore have important psychological
consequences and may construct or improve the forming of the self-concept.
The self-concept is influenced by the following :
What adolescent feel other think of them:
The impression they make on their peer group: they conform to the social behaviour of the
group, and at times, also to their norms for physical appearance and accomplishments.
The characteristics of the physical growth of the adolescent :
Characterised by various changes in the child that lead to reproductive maturity.
Pituitary gland plays a major role in these changes.
Physical change starts when the hypothalamus section in the brain activates the pituitary gland
to secrete growth and sexual hormones.
Hormonal changes trigger a rapid increase in height and mass, as well as changes in the body’s
proportions.
Accelerated growth during adolescence :
Typical of the pubescent period.
During this period, various changes that take place lead to reproductive maturity.
Downloaded by: Izak1996 |
Pituitary gland plays an important role
Distribution indocument
of this the commencement
is illegal of pubescence.
, Pubescence gradually gives way to puberty.
Puberty is seen as point at which reproductive maturity is reached.
Physical changes take place as follows :
Hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete growth and sex hormones
(somatotropin and gonadotropin)
These activating hormones activate most of the other endocrine glands
Endocrine glands in turn release their respective hormones into the adolescents system.
Hormones include sex hormones : testosterone and oestrogen.
Hormones stimulate the forming of sperm cells and ova (eggs) respectively and are
responsible for the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in boys and girls
Activating hormones of pituitary gland also cooperate with other hormones, such as
thyroxin and cortisol, to promote the forming of bone and muscle.
Hormonal changes = rapid increase in body length and mass,while the proportions of the
adolescent’s body begins to change. ( = Growth spurt)
Girls : 9 ½ and 14 ½ (generally 10)
Boys : 10 ½ and 16 (generally 12 or 13)
Last approximately 2 years, and soon after it ends, the adolescent reaches sexual maturity.
Girls reach their mature body length approximately 2 years before boys.
Girls are heavier & stronger than boys between ages 11 – 13 but boys catch up due to a
more intense growth spurt and are generally taller.
Boys reach their mature height at approximate 21 and girls at 17.
All skeletal and muscular proportions are affected but in different degrees which causes
clumsiness and poor coordination, but this is restored after the growth spurt.
Growth rate is influenced byDownloaded
genetic, endocrine, emotional and environmental factors but varies
by: Izak1996 |
for each person.
