NR 565: Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam: Study Guide/ Latest Complete Solution

NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
Study Guide
Bacterostatic
(ANS- kills the bacteria

bacteriocidal
(ANS- kills the bacteria and stops the growth or spread of the infection

Bacteriostatic drugs
(ANS-
clindamycin
macrolides
sulfonamides
tetracyclines

Bactericidal drugs
(ANS-
ahminoglycosides
beta-lactums
fluroquinolones
Metronidazole
Streptogramins
vancomycin

anti-microbial resistance
(ANS-
1.) not knowing if the pt had recent use of antibiotics
2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics
3.) not performing susceptibility testing
4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years
5.) Daycare center attendance
6.) Exposure to young children
7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities

,8.) Immunosuppression

subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS
(ANS-
natural PCNS
aminopenicillins
anti-staphylococcal PCNs
extended Spectrum PCNs

Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs
(ANS- inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam ring)

1st line therapy for Strep pharyngitis.
(ANS- penicillin V

1st line therapy for all bites
(ANS- Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)

Natural PCN's, Drugs
(ANS-
Penicillin V potassium (ledercillin) Penicillin G sodium (PCN G-Na)
Penicillin G procaine (Duracillin)
Penicillin G benzathine (Permapen)
Penicillin G potassium (Pfizerpen)

Natural PCNs active against
(ANS- aerobic gram (+) organisms

Aminopenicillins active against
(ANS- Gram (-) organisms

Aminopenicillins Drugs
(ANS-
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

,Combinations:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)

1st lines therapy for acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis
(ANS- Amoxicillin

When aminopenicillins are combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors
(ANS- their spectrum in broadened

beta-lactamase inhibitors that can be combined with aminopenicillins
(ANS- clavulanate, sulbactam, & tazobactam

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins drugs
(ANS-
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins active against
(ANS-
Streptococcus, MSSA, some coagulase-negative staphylococci,
peptostreptococcus

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin drugs
(ANS-
piperacillin
ticarcillin

combination:
piperacillin/taxobactam

ticarcillin/clavulanate

, Anti-pseudomonal penicillins active against
(ANS-
gram (-) organisms

1st generation cephalosporins drugs
(ANS-
Cephradine (Anspor)
Cefazolin (ancef)
Cefadroxil (Duricef)
Cephalexin (keflex)

2nd generation cephalosporins drugs
(ANS-
Cefuroxime sodium (Zinacef)
Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
Cefaclor
Cefprozil
Cefotetan (Cefotetan)
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

3rd generation cephalosporins drugs
(ANS-
Cefdinir (Omincef)
Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
Cefotaxime (Celizox)
Ceftazidime Fortax)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Cedax
Cefixime (Suprax)

4th generation cephalosporins drugs
(ANS-
Cefepime (Maxipime)