Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser

Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser Due No due date Points 100 Questions 38 Time Limit 120 Minutes Requires Respondus LockDown Browser Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 84 minutes 94.5 out of 100 Score for this quiz: 94.5 out of 100 Submitted Jul 21 at 5:55pm This attempt took 84 minutes. Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 1 Multiple Choice: What is a consequence of blood calcium levels being dangerously elevated? uncontrolled muscle contraction crystallization in body tissues Correct! vomiting high blood pressure Q 4 / 4 pts uestion 2 Match each term with its appropriate role in the calcium homeostatic pathway. 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll setpoint 10 mg/mL Correct! stimulus decrease in blood calcium Correct! sensor calcium sensing receptor Correct! response PTH increases absorption Correct! Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 3 Your Answer: (short answer) Describe the mechanisms of calcitonin and how blood calcium is increased: Calcitonin is a pepetide hormone that is released by parafollicular cells of the thyroid when the blood calcium levels are detected to be too high. After it is released it binds to receptors of the bone to inhibit osteoclasst acticvity and binds to kidney tubule receptor to increase calcium excretion. Calcitonin limits the absorption of calcium from the tubules of the kidney. Calcitonin is released, and it binds to osteoclasts to prevent breakdown. Second, it binds to renal tubes to increase the excretion of calcium. Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 4 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll Multiple Choice: What is the cause of hypercalcemia in adults? excess PTH Correct! excess calcitonin deficient PTH deficient calcitonin Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 5 Islets of Langerhans are composed of which cell types? (select all that apply) acinar gamma alpha Correct! beta Correct! Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 6 True or False. Insulin is the main source of energy for almost all body tissues. True 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll False Correct! Q 2 / 2 pts uestion 7 True or False. Beta cells not only secret insulin to lower blood glucose, but also serve as the sensor in monitoring blood glucose concentration. True Correct! False Q 1.5 / 2 pts uestion 8 Your Answer: Fill in the blank. Excess glucose is first stored as glycogen in the ______1_______and in skeletal muscle. Next, it will be stored within adipose tissue as______2_______ . 1. liver 2. fat 1. liver 2. triglycerides Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 9 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll Multiple Choice: The process of stored glycogen being converted to glucose and released into the blood is called: gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis Correct! glucosolysis none of the above Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 10 Your Answer: Fill in the blank. ______1_______attacking ______2_______results in Type I diabetes. 1. antibodies 2. beta cells 1. Antibodies 2. beta cells Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 11 (short answer) What are two major risk factors for Type II diabetes? 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll Your Answer: Obesity and sedentary lifestyle Obesity and sedentary lifestyle- mentioned in lecture but age, race, family history, high blood pressure, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and gestational diabetes are also risk factors. Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 12 Multiple Choice: Type I diabetes is controlled through blood glucose monitoring and: weight loss increasing activity level insulin injections Correct! metformin Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 13 Your Answer: Fill in the blank. As fats are converted to ketones a condition called ________________ may occur. acidosis 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll acidosis Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 14 Multiple Choice: Neurons of the hypothalamus serve as the ___________for the role of maintaining satiety feedback loops. stimulus set point sensor Correct! response Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 15 Which of the following plays a role in eliciting a feeling of fullness (satiety) in the appetite feedback regulation system? (select all that apply): insulin Correct! PYY Correct! leptin Correct! ghrelin glucose 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll ketones Q 3 / 3 pts uestion 16 Multiple Choice: Osmoreceptors monitoring blood osmolarity are located in the: renal tubules hypothalamus Correct! pituitary Q 2 / 2 pts uestion 17 Multiple Choice: ADH released from the pituitary causes: increased water absorption Correct! decreased water absorption increased water excretion Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 18 (short answer) If ADH causes the reabsorption of water in the renal tubules, what is the consequence of urine output (i.e. what happens to 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll Your Answer: urine)? Urine volume will declineand the urine will become more concentrated because the volume of water in it will decrease. It is excreted in a smaller volume and is more concentrated in terms of ions and metabolites. Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 19 Multiple Choice: When excess fluid is lost but osmolarity remains unchanged, ___________ is released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. ADH renin Correct! Angiotensinogen none of the above Ques 0 / 2 pts tion 20 Multiple Choice: Each of the following are regulators in the RAAS pathway except: Renin 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll ACE angiotensinogen ou Answered ADH orrect Answer aldosterone Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 21 Your Answer: Fill in the blank. Aldosterone is released from the ________1_________ , after being stimulated by _________2________ . 1. adrenal cortex 2. angiotensin II 1. adrenal cortex 2. angiotensin II Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 22 Your Answer: (short answer) Explain how targeting certain steps within the RAAS pathway can be an effective treatment for high blood pressure. When ACE is inhibited it will then be prevented from converting from angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This will result in angiotensin II not being 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll available to stimulate the relese of aldasterone which would increase the BP if it were released. Targeting ACE prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and therefore arterioles aren’t being stimulated to constrict. Blood vessels will remain dilated therefore lowering blood pressure. Intervening at that level also stops aldosterone from being released. Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 23 Multiple Choice: Baroreceptors are located in the: hypothalamus arterioles large arteries of neck and chest Correct! heart Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 24 Multiple Choice: During baroreceptor regulation, the sensor is: the baroreceptors Correct! 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll the medulla peripheral arteries Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 25 Multiple Choice: When blood pressure deceases, what is the secondary mechanism that is activated? medulla oblongata arteriole constriction adrenal medullary Correct! Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 26 True or False. Norepinephrine is released in response to signals from the medulla. True False Correct! Q 3 / 3 pts uestion 27 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll True or False. Chemoreceptors do not require input from the hypothalamus. True Correct! False Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 28 Multiple Choice: Stimulation of the SNS by chemoreceptors causes the following response: vasodilation vasoconstriction Correct! no change Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 29 True or False. The hypothalamus only responds to changes in body temperature occurring from evaporation. True False Correct! 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 30 Your Answer: (short answer) Explain how heat stroke occurs. One factor is the relative humidity of the air. usually humidity of 60% or higher in conjuction with high temperatures. the evaporating cooling mechanism becomes less effective by the humidity because sweat does not evaporate because the air is saturated with water vapor (humid). evaporative cooling is the most effective mechanism that humans have to reduce body temperature and with heat stroke these mechanisms do not work properly as explained above. When humidity is above 60% water (sweat) does not evaporate. Evaporative cooling is the body’s most effective means of cooling, so one can rapidly overheat when it is impaired. Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 31 Your Answer: (short answer) How does blood vessel dilation contribute to restoring the homeostatic set point for body temperature? Vasodialation helps eliminate heat from teh body by bringing blood close to the surface of the skin to allow heat to leave through sweat and contact with the air (and skin). 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll Blood is brought closer to the surface, and the skin won’t absorb heat from the environment. Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 32 Your Answer: (short answer) If shivering burns calories, why don’t people just cool themselves instead of dieting to lose weight? Extreme discomfort and the stress on the body that comes with prolonged shivering as well as the fatigue making it impratical for weight loss. Because it’s physically taxing. Long periods of shivering do indeed burn calories, but glycogen stores are depleted in the process, and an individual is likely to feel tired and weak. Ques 0 / 3 pts tion 33 True or False. The hypothalamus has the capability to temporarily reprogram the homeostatic set point, such as during exercise. True ou Answered False orrect Answer 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll Ques 2 / 2 pts tion 34 Multiple Choice: How is a positive feedback loop different from a negative feedback loop? there is no return to baseline Correct! there is no sensor there is no response they are not different Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 35 Your Answer: Fill in the blank. During the onset of parturition, ________1________ is turned “off” making it possible for _________2_________ to stimulate contractions of the uterus. 1. progesterone 2. estrogen 1. progesterone 2. estrogen Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 36 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll True or False. The hypothalamus does not play a role in the positive feedback response of parturition. True False Correct! Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 37 Your Answer: (short answer) Describe the step (s) in which positive feedback is observed within the blood clotting cascade. 1. clotting starts when connective tissue of vessel is exposed 2. platelets then "stick" to the exposed tissue 3. platelts release clotting factors -- activate thrombin 4. thrombin isan enztme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin 5. fibrin then forms into threads that formteh structure of the clot Thrombin is repsonsible for the positive feedback loop in the clotting cascade because it amplifies the converstion of prothrombin to thrombin until teh clot is formed. There is a positive feedback amplification loop once prothrombin is converted to thrombin. Thrombin increased the amount of activated clotting factors which in turn activates more thrombin. This amplification continues until a fibrin clot is formed. 7/22/2020 Module 4 Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: Essential Biology II with Lab- Correll Ques 3 / 3 pts tion 38 Multiple Choice: Irreversible hypovolemic shock occurs from: negative feedback regulated through amplification Correct! negative feedback positive feedback none of the abov