TNCC Study Guide/2021/2022 with complete solution

Kinematics The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or potential injuries. Biomechanics The general study of forces and their effects. 00:02 01:24 Mechanism of injury How external energy forces in the environment are transferred to the body. Newton's First Law of Motion A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. Newton's Second Law of Motion Force=Mass X Acceleration Newton's Third Law of Motion For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change form. Give examples of the previous four in a trauma scenario. ... What are the five forms in which energy can exist? Mechanical Thermal Chemical Electrical Radiant External Forces of Trauma Deceleration Acceleration Compression Internal Forces of Trauma Compression Tension Shear How do internal forces protect the body from trauma? It resists the applied external force. Tissues and organs change their dimensions to accommodate the external force. 00:04 01:24 Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year What are the four main types of traumatic energy? Example? Blunt Penetrating Thermal Blast Deceleration ? Sudden stop of body's motion. Acceleration? Sudden and rapid onset of motion. What environmental and pathophysiological factors are considered when the mechanism of injury is a fall? The point of impact on the patient's body. The type of surface that is hit and the extent that surface can absorb the energy. The tissue's ability to resist If a person is pushed or accidentally knocked down. What are the three impacts in a MVC? First (Vehicle hits object) Second (Occupant collides with interior) Third (Internal structures collides with body cavity) Five mechanisms of injury in blunt trauma? Primary (blast injuries) Secondary (Fragment injuries) Tertiary (Blunt object injuries) Quaternary (Thermal injuries) Quinary (Chemical injuries) Primary survey A B C D E A: Airway and Alertness with simultaneous cervical spinal stabilization B: Breathing and Ventilation C: Circulation and control of hemmorhage D: Disability (Neurological status) E: Exposure and environmental control Resuscitation Adjuncts F G L M N O P F: Full set of vital signs G: Get resuscitation adjuncts L: Laboratory studies (ABG's, type and screen) M: (Monitor for continuous cardiac rhythm and rate assessment) N: (Naso or orogastric tube consideration) O: (Oxygenation and ventilation analysis-pulse ox and capnography) P: Pain assessment and management Secondary Survey with reevaluation adjuncts H I H: History and Head-to-toe assessment I: Inspect posterior surfaces Why is there repeated emphasis on assessment for hemorrhage throughout the initial assessment? Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the major cause of preventable death after injury. Which tool can be used to rapidly assess the level of consciousness during the A-Airway and Alertness step? AVPU Why is it important to determine alertness along with airway? Alertness can help determine the appropriate airway intervention. What are the components of this tool? Alert Responds to verbal stimuli Responds to pain Unresponsive Which method of opening the airway is recommended for use in trauma? Jaw-thrust maneuver Describe the current guidelines for volume resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock? NOT large volumes of IV fluids. Use of component therapy (red blood cells, plasma, and platelets). IV fluid use can cause 1. elevated blood pressure which may dislodge the body's formation of clots and promote further bleeding. 2. Dilutional coagulopathy which worsens metabolic acidosis and may cause hypothermia. Exposure and environmental control is included in the Primary Survey, why is it such a high priority? Hypothermia combined with hypotension and acidosis is a potentially lethal combination in the injured patient. G used to represent only Give Comfort Measures (pain). It has expanded now to Get Resuscitation Adjuncts and includes multiple adjuncts used during the resuscitation phase. List the components of Get Resuscitation Adjuncts (LMNOP from above) Part of the History in the Secondary Survey is a review of the prehospital report using the mnemonic MIST. What are the components of a MIST report? MOI Injuries sustained Signs and symptoms (in field) Treatment (in the field)