NUR2502 Exam 1 Focused Review
Therapeutic communication
Remember your ABCs
Uterine leiomyoma - assessment,
benign, slow-growing solid tumor that occurs from the overgrowth of
smooth muscle and connective tissue in the uterus. It is also
called fibroids or myomas.
Heavy vaginal bleeding.
Erectile dysfunction- causes, treatment
“impotence”
Causes
Inflammation of the prostate, urethra, or seminal vesicles
Prostatectomy surgery
Pelvic fracture
Lumbosacral injury
Vascular disease like hypertension
Chronic neurological condition (Parkinson’s, MS)
Endocrine disorder like DM or thyroid disorder
Smoking and alcohol
Drugs – antihypertensive
Poor health
Tx.
Medication—teach about vasodilation effects
Vacuum constriction device
Injections with vasodilating drugs
Penile implants (prostheses)
Education related to treatment for HPV/cervical cancer
HPV vaccine
Breast cancer- preventative screenings, risk factors, diagnostic tests,
education
Risk factors
Genetic
Hx of previous breast cancer
Dense breast tissue
Early age at dx.
Female sex.
, Age over 65.
First relative with breast cancer.
Late menopause. Nulliparity after 30 (not having kids), early period starts
Male (testicular disorder)
Use or oral contraceptive.
High fat diet & Low fiber diet
Alcohol & Smoking
Exposure to low level radiation
Hormone replacement therapy
Obesity
African American, Puerto Ricans female
Diagnostic tests
• Biopsy the only definitive way to detect BC
MRI, ultrasounds (better view of clients with dense breasts), CT and X-ray
Breast self-exam (palpable tumor or lesion)
Biopsy
Genetic testing (BRCA2 and 2), HER2 (excess normal genes that cause cell
replication).
Mammography, tomosynthesis (3D mammography)-visualization of lesion.
Nuclear imaging- breast specific gamma imaging
Positron emission mamo.
Serum testing (liver enzymes, serum Calcium, alkaline phosphatase)
• Increased lifts can indicate liver metastasis, calcium and phosphatase – bone
metastasize.
• Mammogram – masses too small to palpate, small dose of radiation
exposure
• Tomosynthesis – 3D images mammography
• Ultrasound – clarify mammogram, differentiates fluid filled cyst or mass
• Mri for high risk women and suspicious mammograms
Education
Preventative screening
, Genetic testing
Self-breast examination.
Endometrial cancer- symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic testing
S/S
vaginal bleeding, grows slowly,
common type is adenocarcinoma tumor.
low back, pelvic, or abdominal pain
Watery, bloody vaginal discharge
Pelvic examination may reveal palpable uterine mass –uterus is enlarged if
cancer is advanced
Risk factors
Women in reproductive years
Diabetes mellitus
Family hx.
Hypertension
Obesity
Uterine polyps
Late menopause
Nulliparity
Smoking
Tamoxifen given for breast cancer
Diagnostic testing
CA-125 tumor marker assesses for metastasis.
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
hCG to rule out pregnancy before treatment
Transvaginal ultrasound- determine endometrial thickening and
cancer.
Endometrial biopsy
Chest x-ray
IVP (Intravenous pyelography to assess renal function and renal
metastasis)
Abdominal US
CT of pelvis; MRI of abdomen and pelvis
Liver, bone scans assess for distant metastasis.
Therapeutic communication
Remember your ABCs
Uterine leiomyoma - assessment,
benign, slow-growing solid tumor that occurs from the overgrowth of
smooth muscle and connective tissue in the uterus. It is also
called fibroids or myomas.
Heavy vaginal bleeding.
Erectile dysfunction- causes, treatment
“impotence”
Causes
Inflammation of the prostate, urethra, or seminal vesicles
Prostatectomy surgery
Pelvic fracture
Lumbosacral injury
Vascular disease like hypertension
Chronic neurological condition (Parkinson’s, MS)
Endocrine disorder like DM or thyroid disorder
Smoking and alcohol
Drugs – antihypertensive
Poor health
Tx.
Medication—teach about vasodilation effects
Vacuum constriction device
Injections with vasodilating drugs
Penile implants (prostheses)
Education related to treatment for HPV/cervical cancer
HPV vaccine
Breast cancer- preventative screenings, risk factors, diagnostic tests,
education
Risk factors
Genetic
Hx of previous breast cancer
Dense breast tissue
Early age at dx.
Female sex.
, Age over 65.
First relative with breast cancer.
Late menopause. Nulliparity after 30 (not having kids), early period starts
Male (testicular disorder)
Use or oral contraceptive.
High fat diet & Low fiber diet
Alcohol & Smoking
Exposure to low level radiation
Hormone replacement therapy
Obesity
African American, Puerto Ricans female
Diagnostic tests
• Biopsy the only definitive way to detect BC
MRI, ultrasounds (better view of clients with dense breasts), CT and X-ray
Breast self-exam (palpable tumor or lesion)
Biopsy
Genetic testing (BRCA2 and 2), HER2 (excess normal genes that cause cell
replication).
Mammography, tomosynthesis (3D mammography)-visualization of lesion.
Nuclear imaging- breast specific gamma imaging
Positron emission mamo.
Serum testing (liver enzymes, serum Calcium, alkaline phosphatase)
• Increased lifts can indicate liver metastasis, calcium and phosphatase – bone
metastasize.
• Mammogram – masses too small to palpate, small dose of radiation
exposure
• Tomosynthesis – 3D images mammography
• Ultrasound – clarify mammogram, differentiates fluid filled cyst or mass
• Mri for high risk women and suspicious mammograms
Education
Preventative screening
, Genetic testing
Self-breast examination.
Endometrial cancer- symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic testing
S/S
vaginal bleeding, grows slowly,
common type is adenocarcinoma tumor.
low back, pelvic, or abdominal pain
Watery, bloody vaginal discharge
Pelvic examination may reveal palpable uterine mass –uterus is enlarged if
cancer is advanced
Risk factors
Women in reproductive years
Diabetes mellitus
Family hx.
Hypertension
Obesity
Uterine polyps
Late menopause
Nulliparity
Smoking
Tamoxifen given for breast cancer
Diagnostic testing
CA-125 tumor marker assesses for metastasis.
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
hCG to rule out pregnancy before treatment
Transvaginal ultrasound- determine endometrial thickening and
cancer.
Endometrial biopsy
Chest x-ray
IVP (Intravenous pyelography to assess renal function and renal
metastasis)
Abdominal US
CT of pelvis; MRI of abdomen and pelvis
Liver, bone scans assess for distant metastasis.
