Summary Chinese basic and intermediate grammar rules
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Course
Chinese For Non-Specialists
Institution
The University Of Sheffield (TUOS)
Book
发展汉语
This is a summary of grammar rules included in the Developing Chinese - Elementary Comprehensive Course textbook. The complete set will give you an excellent foundation of Chinese grammar.
• A + 比 + B + adjective/verb phrase(+degree/amount)
Basic comparison。
A is more ‘adjective’ than B。
Negative sentence 1:A + 没有 + B + adjective/verb phrase
Negative sentence 2:A + 不比 + B + adjective/verb phrase (very small difference)
• A + 比 + B + 更/还 + adjective/verb phrase
Comparison to indicate two things are both ‘adjective’ but A is more than B。
更 is used widely。还 is used for sentences evoking surprise or scepticism。
• A + 不如 + B (+adjective/verb)
Comparison of negation。It indicates A is less ‘adjective’ than B。
不如 means “not as good as”;if adjective, ”not as ‘adjective’ as“;if verb,”A does not ‘verb’ as
well as B“。
得 can be placed before (no verb)or after (不如+verb+得)。
• A + 像 + B + 一样
Comparison to indicate two things share a similar quality。
• Verb + 上
“Done successfully”
Shang is used as a result complement。There are many types of result complements。They indicate
the verb has been successfully undergone。
关上门 = to close the door (successfully)
穿上衣服 = to put clothes on
带上东西 = to bring/carry things with you
拉上窗帘 = to draw the curtains
• Verb + 并 + verb
Used to connect two verbs of equal importance。This should be verbs happening at the same time
and not sequential。
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