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Gizmos Polarity and Intermolecular Forces Lab sheet.
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Gizmos Polarity and Intermolecular Forces Lab sheet.
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Name: Date: Total /65Student Exploration: Polarity and Intermolecular Forces
Vocabulary: dipole, dipole-dipole force, dipole-induced dipole force, electronegativity,
intermolecular force, ionic bond, London dispersion force, molecule, nonpolar, nonpolar covalent
bond, partial charges, polar, polar covalent bond, valence electron
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE
using the Gizmo.)
1. A big bully is having a tug-of-war with a small child.
There is a ball attached to the middle of the rope.
Toward whom will the ball move? (1)The big bully
2. Two equally strong kids are having a tug-of-war. What do you expect to happen to the ball in
this situation? (1) I expect the ball to not move and just stay in the middle
Gizmo Warm-up
Just like in a tug-of-war, atoms that are bonded to one another pull
on the electrons they share. In the Polarity and Intermolecular
Forces Gizmo, you will explore how these opposing forces relate to
bond types and the forces between molecules.
To begin, drag the Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms into the simulation area. Turn on Show
valence electrons. A valence electron is found in the outermost energy level of the atom.
1. Click Play ( ). What do you notice? (1) The chlorine atom takes the valence electron from
the sodium atom.
2. Which atom seems to be pulling more on sodium’s one valence electron? (sodium or
chlorine) (1) chlorine
How do you know? (1)I know because the valence electron is now in chlorines valence shell
since it pulled the electron more than the sodium did, it now has a more negative charge.
3. What happens to the colors of the simulated atoms, and what does this indicate? (1) The
sodium atom turned blue which indicates a positive charge and the chlorine atom turned red
which indicates a negative charge.
Drag the atoms/molecule down to the bottom to remove them from the simulation area.
, Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity A:
● On the BOND POLARITY tab, click Reset ( ).
Bond polarity
● Drag the atoms out of the simulation area.
Introduction: A neutral atom has the same number of protons as electrons. Atoms that gain
electrons become negatively charged, while those that lose electrons become positive. A polar
bond forms when shared electrons are pulled closer to one atom than another, causing the
bonded atoms to become partially charged. In a nonpolar bond, electrons are shared equally.
Question: What causes bonds to be polar or nonpolar?
1. Observe: Select the Show polar molecule inset checkbox. The animation shows the
probable location of electrons (orange dots) in a polar molecule.
A. What do you notice about the distribution of the electrons? (1)On average the
electrons are closer to one atom then the other.
B. How does this electron distribution affect the charges of the bonded atoms? (1)The
atom that has more electrons distributed to it will have a more negative charge then
the other atom.
2. Observe: Turn on the Show nonpolar molecule inset.
A. How are the electrons in this molecule distributed? (1)The electrons are spread
evenly across the atoms.
B. Why do the bonded atoms remain neutral? (1)They remained neutral because the
electrons were evenly shared/distributed, therefore there is no imbalance of electrons.
3. Experiment: Turn off Show polar molecule inset and Show nonpolar molecule inset.
Check that Show valence electrons is turned on. Drag the Na and Cl atoms into the
simulation area. Click Play. Note the colors. Red indicates a negative charge, while blue
indicates a positive charge.
A. What type of bond does it form? Drag the molecule to the three boxes to the right to
see what type of bond it forms. When it is in the right box, it will say correct! (1)
It will form an ionic bond
B. Try several other metal/nonmetal combinations. What do you notice about the bonds
that form? (1) They all form ionic bonds
Ionic bonds are polar bonds that form between metal and nonmetal atoms. In this
bond, valence electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal. Drag each of
these metal/nonmetal combinations into the Ionic bond bin on the upper right.
(Activity A continued on next page)
Activity A (continued from previous page)
2019
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