QUIZ

Question 1 4 out of 4 points For the following question and response options, how would a checkmark next to “Swimming” likely be coded? Which of the following activities do you do at least weekly? • Bicycling • Jogging • Swimming • Working out in a gym Selected Answer: D. 1 Answers: A. 0 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1  Question 2 4 out of 4 points For outcomes that have an established MIC threshold, what type of analysis is possible for identifying different patterns of individual change? Selected Answer: D. A responder analysis Answers: A. A power analysis B. A distributional analysis C. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis D. A responder analysis  Question 3 4 out of 4 points Many strategies for operationalizing clinical significance at the individual level have been developed. What feature do they share in common? Selected Answer: D. They all involve establishing a benchmark that would be considered meaningful. Answers: A. They all involve the use of an effect size index. B. They all are linked to whether a change score is statistically reliable. C. They all involve whether a person returns to normal functioning. D. They all involve establishing a benchmark that would be considered meaningful.  Question 4 0 out of 4 points Which is an important research precept? Selected Answer: B. Causation does not prove a correlation. Answers: A. Correlation does not prove causation. B. Causation does not prove a correlation. C. Evidence can prove that hypotheses are incorrect. D. Evidence can prove that hypotheses are correct.  Question 5 4 out of 4 points Researchers develop a data analysis plan to guide progress through the analysis and interpretation of their data. In which phase would coding of the data occur? Selected Answer: D. Preanalysis phase Answers: A. Preliminary assessments and actions B. Interpretation of results C. Principal analyses D. Preanalysis phase  Question 6 4 out of 4 points Which statement about the minimal important change (MIC) is true? Selected Answer: A. In setting the MIC threshold, some researchers emphasize “minimal” and others emphasize “important.” Answers: A. In setting the MIC threshold, some researchers emphasize “minimal” and others emphasize “important.” B. The MIC is typically calibrated as percentage change. C. MIC thresholds are the same for improvement and deterioration. D. The most popular approach to establishing the MIC is to use a consensus panel.  Question 7 0 out of 4 points Which title for a journal article might be misleading? Selected Answer: D. Factors Associated with Medication Adherence in Children Answers: A. The Relationship between Spiritual Well-being and Quality of Life in the Elderly B. The Impact of Parenting Style on Adolescents’ Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior C. The Relationship between Infant Birth Weight and Subsequent Behavior Problems D. Factors Associated with Medication Adherence in Children  Question 8 4 out of 4 points In a clinical trial, a researcher wanted to know if one intervention was equally effective as (not more effective than) another intervention. What would such a trial be called? Selected Answer: A. An equivalence trial Answers: A. An equivalence trial B. A quasi-experimental trial C. A noninferiority trial D. A crossover trial  Question 9 4 out of 4 points What are “mixed” results? Selected Answer: C. Some results were statistically significant, but others were not. Answers: A. Some results had a Type II error, but others did not. B. Some statistical tests had an alpha = .05, but others had an alpha = .01. C. Some results were statistically significant, but others were not. D. Some statistical tests were one-tailed, and others were two-tailed.  Question 10 4 out of 4 points In a randomized controlled trial with 50 experimental and 50 control group members, a nurse researcher found missing values for 6 in the experimental group and 4 in the control group on one outcome and 2 missing values in each group on a second outcome. What should the researcher do? Selected Answer: D. Use an intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation Answers: A. Use listwise deletion and analyze both outcomes for 90 cases B. Use pairwise deletion (analyze with 90 cases for one outcome, 96 cases for the second) C. Use an intention-to-treat analysis with last observation carried forward D. Use an intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation  Question 11 4 out of 4 points Which tool is useful for understanding the precision of results? Selected Answer: C. Confidence intervals Answers: A. Effect size indexes B. p values C. Confidence intervals D. Type I error rates  Question 12 0 out of 4 points In a data set that includes information about participants’ pregnancy status (1 = yes, 2 = no, 9 = no response), one value for the PREG variable was 6. What does the value of 6 signify? Selected Answer: A. An outlier Answers: A. An outlier B. A missing value C. A precode D. A wild code  Question 13 4 out of 4 points Which statement about establishing MIC benchmarks is true? Selected Answer: C. Triangulating an anchor-based method and 1 SEM enhances the likelihood of both change score reliability and clinical significance. Answers: A. The anchor-based method is considered the ideal approach for defining the MIC threshold. B. The distribution approach to setting the MIC requires more work than the anchor-based approach. C. Triangulating an anchor-based method and 1 SEM enhances the likelihood of both change score reliability and clinical significance