LATEST 2022 M.K Blue book (ALL) NCLEX Study Guide (Questions and Correct Answers)

Name the five/six essential nutrients {{{Answer}}} (carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water) -The major source of energy for the body is {{{Answer}}} (carbs) -carbs provide ____________ Kcalories per 1 gram {{{Answer}}} (4) -Sucrose is a sugar found in ____________ and _____________. {{{Answer}}} (fruits, veggies) -Lactose is a sugar found in ? {{{Answer}}} (milk) -What is glycogen? {{{Answer}}} (It is a stored formed of glucose/energy manufactured by the liver) -Is glycogen eaten in foods? {{{Answer}}} (NO! It is a stored form of glucose MANUFACTURED by the liver.) -When the body does not receive enough carbs it burns ___________ and _____________. {{{Answer}}} (protein, fat) -The most concentrated source of energy for the body is ___________. {{{Answer}}} (fats) -Fats provide ___________ Kcalories per 1 gram. {{{Answer}}} (9) -Fats carry vitamins {{{Answer}}} (A,D,E,K (Remember FADE K!)) -The nutrient needed most for growth and repair of tissues is _____________. {{{Answer}}} (protein (second best is Vit C)) -Proteins provide __________ Kcalories per 1 gram. {{{Answer}}} (4) -Vitamins and minerals provide energy for the body. (T/F) {{{Answer}}} (False- they are necessary for a body's chemical reactions.) -Water is present in ALL body tissues. (T/F) {{{Answer}}} (True (even bone)) -Water accounts for ________ to ___________% of an adult's total weight? {{{Answer}}} (50 to 60%) -Name the four basic food groups {{{Answer}}} (Milk & Cheese, Meat & Legumes, Veggies & Fruits, Bread & Cereal) -Water acounts for __________ to _________% of an infant's total weight? {{{Answer}}} (70 to 75%) -An individual is overweight if they are ________% above the ideal weight. {{{Answer}}} (10) -An individual is obese if they weigh ________% above the ideal weight. {{{Answer}}} (20) -What solution and material are used to cleanse the eyes of an infant? {{{Answer}}} (Plain water, cotton balls, washcloths) -Can you use cotton swabs to clean the eyes, nares or ears of an infant? {{{Answer}}} (No, this is dangerous) -Can you use the same cotton ball/washcloth edge for both eyes? {{{Answer}}} (No, it would cross contaminate) -Should you cover an unhealed umbilical site with the diaper? {{{Answer}}} (No, fold the diaper down.) -What temperature is appropriate for the water used to bathe an infant? {{{Answer}}} (100 to 105) -What is the #1 purpose of a tepid sponge bath? {{{Answer}}} (Lower body temperature during fever.) -How should the temperature of the water be tested if no thermometer is available? {{{Answer}}} (Dropping water on inside surface of your forearm.) -With which body part do you begin when bathing an infant? {{{Answer}}} (Eyes always) -When cleansing an infant's eye, cleanse from outer to inner canthus? {{{Answer}}} (No, inner to outer) -Should you retract the foreskin of a 5 week old male, uncircumcised infant to cleanse the area? {{{Answer}}} (No, not until foreskin retracts naturally and without resistance- then it should be retracted, cleansed and replaced.) -When sponge-bathing with tepid water the correct temp is _____________. {{{Answer}}} (98.6 F) -How long does it take for the umbilical stump to fall off? {{{Answer}}} (7 to 14 days) -The primary reason why an infant is draped during the bath is to provide privacy. (T/F) {{{Answer}}} (False, the primary purpose of draping is to prevent chilling.) -You may use friction to remove vernix caseosa from an infant's skin. (T/F) {{{Answer}}} (False, it causes damage/bruising) -What solution is commonly used for care of umbilical cord? {{{Answer}}} (70% alcohol to promote drying (trend is toward soap and water)) -What cranial nerve is affected in Bell's Palsy? {{{Answer}}} (#7, facial nerve) -What is the #1 symptom of Bell's Palsy? {{{Answer}}} (One sided (unilateral) facial paralysis) -Complete recovery from the paralysis of Bell's Palsy should occur in _______ to ______ months. {{{Answer}}} (4 to 6) -In addition to the facial paralysis, the sense of ______ is also affected. {{{Answer}}} (taste) -Will the patient be able to close their eye on the affected side? {{{Answer}}} (no) -Give three eye interventions for the client with Bell's Palsy. {{{Answer}}} (Dark glasses, artificial tears, cover eye at night) -As the prostate enlarges it compresses the ___________ and causes urinary ________. {{{Answer}}} (Urethra, rentention) -At what age does BPH occur? {{{Answer}}} (men over 50 years of age) -What does BPH stand for? {{{Answer}}} (Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) -IN BPH the man has (increased/decreased) frequency of urination {{{Answer}}} (increased) -In BPH the force of the urinary stream is (increased/decreased). {{{Answer}}} (decreased) -The man with BPH has a _________-stream of urine {{{Answer}}} (forked) -The man with BPH has hesitancey. What does this mean? {{{Answer}}} (Difficulty starting to void) -Will the man with BPH have enuresis, nocturia or hematuria? {{{Answer}}} (Enuresis-No, Nocturia-Yes, and Hematuria-Maybe) -Enuresis {{{Answer}}} (inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination) -What is the best way to screen men for BPH? {{{Answer}}} (Digital rectal exam) -Should fluids be forced or restricted in BPH? {{{Answer}}} (forced) -What does TURP stand for? {{{Answer}}} (Transurethral resection of the prostate) -The most radical prostate surgery is the ____________ prostatectomy. {{{Answer}}} (Perineal) -What type of diet is used in BPH? {{{Answer}}} (Acid Ash) -Acid Ash diet {{{Answer}}} (Decrease pH (makes urine acid) Chz, eggs, Meat, fish, oysters, poultry, Bread, Cereal, Whole Grains, Pastries, Cranberries, Prunes, Plums, Tomatoes, Peas, Corn, Legumes.) -What is the primary purpose of a 3 way continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) after TURP? {{{Answer}}} (To keep the catheter clear of clots and to drain urine) -What solution is used for CBI? {{{Answer}}} (Normal saline (0.9 NaCl)) -How fast do you run the CBI? {{{Answer}}} (At whatever rate it takes to keep the urine flowing and free of clots) -What drug is use to treat bladder spasm? {{{Answer}}} (B&O suppositories (Belladonna & Opiates)) -Should you take a rectal temp after prostatectomy? Give stool softeners? {{{Answer}}} (No rectal temperatures, yes stool softeners) -You should call the MD after TURP when you see _________ thick ________, _____________ clots, and ____________ urine drainage on the dressing. {{{Answer}}} (Bright thick blood, persistent clots, persistent urine on dressing (don't call MD for transitory clots and urine on dressing.)) -If you see an increase in blood content of urine coming out of the catheter, you would first ___________. {{{Answer}}} (Pull carefully on the catheter to apply local pressure on the prostate with the Foley balloon.) -If you see clots in the tubing you would first ____________. {{{Answer}}} (Increase the flow-rate.) -What exercises should the post prostectomy patient do upon discharge? Why? {{{Answer}}} (Perineal exercises, start and stop stream of urine, because dribbling is a common but temporary problem post op) -Will the post prostectomy patient be impotent? {{{Answer}}} (If TURP, no impotence, if perineal prostatectomy, yes impotence) -How often should the drainage bag be emptied? {{{Answer}}} (Every 8 hours) -What is the most common problem due to catheterization? {{{Answer}}} (UTI) -What is the most common organism to cause UTI with catheterization? {{{Answer}}} (E. coli) -What is the most common route for organisms to enter the blader when a catheterization is used? {{{Answer}}} (Up through the inside of the catheter in the days following catheterization) -Name foods that make acid urine {{{Answer}}} (Cranberry juice, apple juice (avoid citrus juices- they make alkaline urine)) with more Q & A