C785 Biochemistry preassessment
Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four
complete PCR cycles?
ANSWERS: 16
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR?
ANSWERS: It recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA
sequence.
What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB?
ANSWERS: A and B
115 116 117 118 − Amino Acid Number
Tyr Gly Thr Pro − Amino Acid Sequence
TAC GGG ACA CCA − DNA Sequence
What is the amino acid in position 118 that results from a single nucleotide insertion immediately
following the three guanines that encode for glycine 116?
ANSWERS: Thr
In sickle-cell disease, the glutamic acid (Glu) at position number seven is mutated to valine (Val).
What change in codons corresponds to this mutation?
ANSWERS: GAA to GTA
Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the chromosome that is
homologous to the damaged chromosome?
ANSWERS: Recombination
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the
genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional.
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general population?
ANSWERS: The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids?
ANSWERS: 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3'
Which template strand DNA sequence would result in the amino acid (Ser)?
ANSWERS: 5' - CGA - 3'
, What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence?
5' - GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3'ANSWERS: 5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3'
Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated
with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction.
What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people addicted to cocaine
increases their expression?
ANSWERS: The nucleosomes become more widely spaced.
What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA?
ANSWERS: Alternate combinations of exons within the same gene are linked together.
Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein?
ANSWERS: Hydrophobic effect
Given the following amino acid structure, what is the strongest intermolecular force it would
participate in to stabilize a protein structure?
ANSWERS: Hydrogen bond
What is the name of large, functional protein structures composed of smaller proteins with multiple
subunits
ANSWERS: Quaternary structure
Which structural level shows the greatest difference when replacing denatured proteins with a
denatured single subunit protein?
ANSWERS: Tertiary
Which level of protein structure is established through the dehydration synthesis of peptide bonds?
ANSWERS: primary
Which situation would most likely lead to a permanent alteration of protein function?
ANSWERS: A mutation that substitutes a hydrophobic amino acid with a hydrophilic amino acid
Given the following amino acid structure, what is the strongest intermolecular force it would
participate in to stabilize a protein structure?
ANSWERS: hydrogen bond
What is the name of large, functional protein structures composed of smaller proteins with multiple
subunits?
ANSWERS: quarternary structure
Pepsin, the enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds, has the highest activity in the acidic
environment of the stomach.
What process is disrupted after a patient ingests excessive antacid that neutralizes the pH of the
stomach?
ANSWERS: Protein catabolism
Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four
complete PCR cycles?
ANSWERS: 16
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR?
ANSWERS: It recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA
sequence.
What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB?
ANSWERS: A and B
115 116 117 118 − Amino Acid Number
Tyr Gly Thr Pro − Amino Acid Sequence
TAC GGG ACA CCA − DNA Sequence
What is the amino acid in position 118 that results from a single nucleotide insertion immediately
following the three guanines that encode for glycine 116?
ANSWERS: Thr
In sickle-cell disease, the glutamic acid (Glu) at position number seven is mutated to valine (Val).
What change in codons corresponds to this mutation?
ANSWERS: GAA to GTA
Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the chromosome that is
homologous to the damaged chromosome?
ANSWERS: Recombination
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a recessive genetic disease that occurs when one or more of the
genes that perform nucleotide excision repair are nonfunctional.
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the general population?
ANSWERS: The mutation rate of all other genes is higher due to failure to repair.
Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids?
ANSWERS: 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3'
Which template strand DNA sequence would result in the amino acid (Ser)?
ANSWERS: 5' - CGA - 3'
, What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence?
5' - GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3'ANSWERS: 5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3'
Studies have shown that increased expression of two genes called SIRT1 and SIRT2 is associated
with chronic exposure to cocaine and contributes to drug addiction.
What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in people addicted to cocaine
increases their expression?
ANSWERS: The nucleosomes become more widely spaced.
What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of mRNA?
ANSWERS: Alternate combinations of exons within the same gene are linked together.
Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein?
ANSWERS: Hydrophobic effect
Given the following amino acid structure, what is the strongest intermolecular force it would
participate in to stabilize a protein structure?
ANSWERS: Hydrogen bond
What is the name of large, functional protein structures composed of smaller proteins with multiple
subunits
ANSWERS: Quaternary structure
Which structural level shows the greatest difference when replacing denatured proteins with a
denatured single subunit protein?
ANSWERS: Tertiary
Which level of protein structure is established through the dehydration synthesis of peptide bonds?
ANSWERS: primary
Which situation would most likely lead to a permanent alteration of protein function?
ANSWERS: A mutation that substitutes a hydrophobic amino acid with a hydrophilic amino acid
Given the following amino acid structure, what is the strongest intermolecular force it would
participate in to stabilize a protein structure?
ANSWERS: hydrogen bond
What is the name of large, functional protein structures composed of smaller proteins with multiple
subunits?
ANSWERS: quarternary structure
Pepsin, the enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds, has the highest activity in the acidic
environment of the stomach.
What process is disrupted after a patient ingests excessive antacid that neutralizes the pH of the
stomach?
ANSWERS: Protein catabolism
