Biol 235 Quiz 2 (RATED A) Questions and Answer solutions | 100% out of 100% | Athabasca University
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Biol235 Quiz 2 1. What forces act on a lever in muscles 2. A good analogy is a spring on a door. In this example, the part of the spring attached to the frame is the origin; the part attached to t he door represents the insertion. A useful rule of thumb is that the origin is usually proximal and th...
a good analogy is a spring on a door in this example
the part of the spring attached to the fram
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Biol235 Quiz 2
1. What forces act on a lever in muscles
2. A good analogy is a spring on a door. In this example, the part of the spring attached to
the frame is the origin; the part attached to the door represents the insertion. A useful rule
of thumb is that the origin is usually proximal and the insertion distal; the insertion is
usually pulled toward the origin.
3. Identify the glute max on a diagram and know its actions
, a. the movement of gluteus maximus with figure of 11.3(b) - Gluteus maximus main
actions are to extend and laterally rotate the hip joint. Furthermore, upper fibers
can abduct the hip whereas the lower fibers can adduct.
b. The gluteus maximus is the largest and heaviest of the three muscles and is one of the
largest muscles in the body. It is the chief extensor of the femur. In its reverse muscle
action (RMA), it is a powerful extensor of the torso at the hip joint.
c. The gluteus medius is mostly deep to the gluteus maximus and is a powerful abductor
of the femur at the hip joint. It is a common site for intramuscular injection.
d. The gluteus minimus is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies deep to the gluteus
medius.
4. What is the relationship between sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis
- Biletaral contraction of splenius capitis results in extension of the head on the
neck. When it contracts unilaterally, it acts in synergy with
the contralateral sternocleidomastoid muscle, resulting in lateral flexion and
rotation of the head towards the ipsilateral side.
The relationship between these muscles when bowing you head is C) The sternocleidomastoid
is the prime mover and the splenius cervicis is the antagonist.
The principle muscles that are primarily responsible for causing a given action about a joint are
referred to as the agonist muscles or the prime movers.
The muscle that opposes that movement and returns the body part to the original position is
called the antagonist muscle.
A muscle which stabilizes a joint around which the movement is occurring and can assist in
creating movement is known as a synergist muscle.
, 5. Know ab muscles from superficial to deep
- orders of abdominal muscles from superficial to deep - external oblique muscles form
the superficial layer, while the internal oblique muscles form the middle layer, and the
transverses abdominus forms the deepest layer.
6. Origin
- the attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone.
7. Insertion– know the insertion
- the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone.
8. What are the actions of the deltoid?
deltoid movements on arm – flexion and extension (posterior fibers), abduction of
shoulder (all fibers), intermediate fibers stabilize the head of the humerus
- Lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at
shoulder joint; posterior fi bers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint.
9. What muscles are involved in forceful breathing?
- Forced or labored breathing involves the sternocleidomastoid and scalene
muscles to lift the upper rib cage even more than in normal breathing. By lifting
the upper portion of the rib cage the action of the intercostals is magnified.
Forced exhalation employs the internal intercostals and the abdominal
muscles.
-
type of neuron circuit for breathing
– a reverberating circuit controls respiration
Among the body responses thought to be the result of output signals from reverberating
circuits are breathing, coordinated muscular activities, waking up, and short-term
memory. It helps with breathing by lengthening output signal
Be able to identify the reverberating circuit using the diagram
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