Hesi Anatomy and Physiology Midterm Exam 2

Hesi Anatomy and Physiology Midterm Exam 2 Skin All of the following are functions of the skin, except: a) Flexibility b) Protection c) Secretion Should be excretion d) Immunity What is the reverse order (bottom to top) of the structure of the skin? a) Dermis, Epidermis, Dermoepidermal junction b) Hypodermis, Dermis, Epidermis c) Dermis, Hypodermis, Epidermis The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and a) superficial fascia b) subcutaneous c) epidermis d) hypodermis The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the a) hypodermis b) hyperdermis c) cleavage line d) dermal papillae If 90% of epidermal cell types are keratinocytes, 5% melanocytes what cells belong to the remaining 5%? a) Keratinocytes, epidermal dendritic, tactile b) Epidermal dendritic cell (langerhams cells) and tactile (merkel cells) c) Melanocytes, tactile, langerhams cells d) Dendritic, epidermal, nontactile The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called a) melanin b) keratin c) stratum lucidum d) eleidin The most superficial layer is?  Stratum corneum What layers are responsible for dead cells and cells filled with keratin precursor (eledin)? a) Stratum corneum and stratum granulosum b) Stratum cornum and stratum lucidum c) Stratum spinosum and stratum basale d) Stratum lucidum and stratum granulusm What layers are responsible for mitosis and cells rich in RNA? a) Stratum corenum and stratum lucidum b) Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosm c) Stratum spinosum and stratum basale d) Stratum lucidum and stratum granulusm The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. a) reticular b) epidermal c) muscle d) connective tissue Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the a) smooth muscle layer b) microvilli c) arrector pilli muscle d) dermal papillae A deep wound is felt by which sensory receptors within the debris? a) Pacinan in deep hypodermis (due to deep pressure) b) Pacinan in upper hypodermis (due to deep pressure) c) Meissner in deep epidermis (due to low pressure) d) Meissner in upper epidermis (due to low pressure) The first step in the production of vitamin D in the body a) occurs when the body is exposed to UV light b) is the transportation of cholecalciferol to the liver and kidneys c) occurs with the conversion of vitamin D into an active form d) occurs when the melanin synthesizes vitamin D which of the following plays an important role in thermoregulation? a) Merkel cell b) Sebaceous gland c) Sweat gland d) Nail e) Fingerprint Skeletal tissues All of the following are functions of the bone, except a) Support b) Protection c) Movement d) Sensation should be mineral storage e) Hematopoiesis Which of the following is not a type of bone? a) flat b) irregular c) short d) long e) regular The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the a) epiphysis b) articular cartilage c) periosteum d) diaphysis The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the a) epiphysis b) articular cartilage c) periosteum d) diaphysis This is within the diaphysis of long bone containing yellow marrow a) Epiphyseal plate b) Articular cartilage c) Diaphysis d) Epiphysis The primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate is to: a) mend fractures b) enlarge the epiphysis c) provide bone strength d) lengthen long bones The extracellular components of bone matrix are a) soft and calcified b) soft and decalcified c) hard and calcified d) hard and decalcified The layers of bone material that build up to form cylindrical units of bone tissue are: a) osteons b) lamellae c) lacunae d) canaliculi Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called a) lamellae b) lacunae c) canaliculi d) osteons These are spaces filled with fluid and bone cells located between lamellae a) canaliculi b) transverse canal c) lacunae d) osteons The Harvesian system within compact bones functional unit involves: a) connected by transverse canals b) does not surround central canals c) lacunae contain osteoclasts d) contains only one waterway Spongy bone is characterized by a) open space partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures b) a dense and solid appearance c) a soft and flexible gel-life substance d) a dense and compact substance For bone recycling these types of cells are needed_______ for bone formation these types of cells are needed_______ resulting in ______ a) osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts b) osteoblasts, osteocytes, ostemablast c) osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts d) osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes what compound is stored in high quantities in the bone, and during bone formation what occurs? a) Phosphorus; osteoblasts remove phosphorus from blood and low circulating levels of phosphorus b) Phosphorus: osteoclasts remove phosphorus from blood and low circulating levels of phosphorus c) Calcium: osteoblasts remove calcium from blood and low circulating level of calcium d) Calcium: osteoblasts remove calcium from blood and high circulating level of calcium Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones? a) parathyroid and adrenaline b) parathyroid and calcitonin c) calcitonin and adrenaline d) calcitonin and aldosterone The importance of PTH and Calcitonin include all but: a) stimulates the release for high or low blood Ca+ levels b) osteoclasts increase renal absorption of calcium from urine c) calcitonin releases osteoclasts activity d) PTH stimulates vitamin D Most bones of the body are formed from cartilage models in a process called a) intramembranous ossification