plus two science notes

EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ  
1.Theory of panspermia/ cosmozoic theory
 ŚĂƉƚĞƌͲϳ Early Greek thinkers thought units of life

  (92/87,21 called spores (Cosmozoa) were transferred to
different planets including earth.
       ;EsͿ
2. Spontaneous generation of life/
/theory of abiogenesis
˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”› „‹‘Ž‘‰› ǣ  – ‹• –Š‡ •–—†› ‘ˆ ‘”ƒŽ‘‰–‹‡‹–™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘„‡Ž‹‡˜‡†–Šƒ–
Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡ˆ‘”•‘‡ƒ”–ŠǤ Ž‹ˆ‡ ƒ‡‘—–‘ˆ†‡ ƒ›‹‰ƒ†”‘––‹‰ƒ––‡”
• –‡ŽŽƒ”†‹•–ƒ ‡•ƒ”‡‡ƒ•—”‡†‹Ž‹‰Š–›‡ƒ”• Ž‹‡ •–”ƒ™ǡ —†ǡ ‡– Ǥ Š‹• ™ƒ• –Š‡ –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ
• Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ—‹“—‡‡˜‡– •’‘–ƒ‡‘—•‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ—‹˜‡”•‡Ǥ  ‘—‹• ƒ•–‡—” „› ƒ”‡ˆ—Ž
‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– Ž‹ˆ‡ ‘‡•
‹˜‡”•‡ ‘Ž› ˆ”‘ ’”‡Ǧ‡š‹•–‹‰ Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ ‡ •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– ‹
Š‡ —‹˜‡”•‡ ‹• ˜‡”› ‘Ž† Ȃ ƒŽ‘•– ʹͲ ’”‡Ǧ•–‡”‹Ž‹•‡†ˆŽƒ••ȋ™ƒ‡ ‡†ˆŽƒ•ȌǡŽ‹ˆ‡
„‹ŽŽ‹‘ ›‡ƒ”• ‘Ž†Ǥ —‰‡ Ž—•–‡”• ‘ˆ ‰ƒŽƒš‹‡• †‹†‘– ‘‡ˆ”‘‹ŽŽ‡†›‡ƒ•–™Š‹Ž‡‹ƒ‘–Š‡”
‘’”‹•‡ –Š‡ —‹˜‡”•‡Ǥ ƒŽƒš‹‡• ‘–ƒ‹ •–ƒ”• ˆŽƒ• ‘’‡ –‘ ƒ‹”ǡ ‡™ Ž‹˜‹‰ ‘”‰ƒ‹•• ƒ”‘•‡
ƒ† Ž‘—†•‘ˆ‰ƒ•ƒ††—•–Ǥ‘•‹†‡”‹‰–Š‡•‹œ‡ ˆ”‘ Ǯ‹ŽŽ‡† ›‡ƒ•–ǯǤ ’‘–ƒ‡‘—• ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ —‹˜‡”•‡ǡ ‡ƒ”–Š ‹• ‹†‡‡† ƒ •’‡ Ǥ Š‡ ‹‰ –Š‡‘”› ™ƒ• †‹•‹••‡† ‘ ‡ ƒ† ˆ‘” ƒŽŽǤ
ƒ‰ –Š‡‘”› ƒ––‡’–• –‘ ‡š’Žƒ‹ –‘ —• –Š‡ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•†‹†‘–ƒ•™‡”Š‘™–Š‡ˆ‹”•–Ž‹ˆ‡
‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ —‹˜‡”•‡Ǥ – –ƒŽ• ‘ˆ ƒ •‹‰—Žƒ” Š—‰‡ ˆ‘” ƒ‡‘‡ƒ”–Š.
‡š’Ž‘•‹‘—‹ƒ‰‹ƒ„Ž‡‹’Š›•‹ ƒŽ–‡”•Ǥ 3. Theory of biogenesis
 Š‡—‹˜‡”•‡‡š’ƒ†‡†ƒ†Š‡ ‡ǡ–Š‡  ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡‘”› Ž‹˜‹‰ ‘”‰ƒ‹••
–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ƒ‡ †‘™Ǥ ›†”‘‰‡ ƒ† ƒ”‡ˆ‘”‡†ˆ”‘’”‡‡š‹•–‹‰Ž‹ˆ‡.
‡Ž‹— ˆ‘”‡† •‘‡–‹‡ Žƒ–‡”Ǥ Š‡ ‰ƒ•‡• 4. Theroy of special creation
‘†‡•‡† —†‡” ‰”ƒ˜‹–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ˆ‘”‡† –Š‡ ‡Ž‹‰‹‘—• Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ –‡ŽŽ• —• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡
‰ƒŽƒš‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–†ƒ›—‹˜‡”•‡. –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ •’‡ ‹ƒŽ ”‡ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‹• –Š‡‘”› Šƒ•
ƒ”–Š –Š”‡‡ ‘‘–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
‹Ȍ ŽŽ Ž‹˜‹‰ ‘”‰ƒ‹••ȋ•’‡ ‹‡• ‘” –›’‡•Ȍ
 –Š‡ •‘Žƒ” •›•–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹Ž› ™ƒ› –Šƒ–™‡•‡‡–‘†ƒ›™‡”‡ ”‡ƒ–‡†ƒ••— ŠǤ
‰ƒŽƒš›ǡ ‡ƒ”–Š ™ƒ• •—’’‘•‡† –‘ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹‹Ȍ Š‡†‹˜‡”•‹–›™ƒ•ƒŽ™ƒ›•–Š‡•ƒ‡•‹ ‡
ˆ‘”‡† ƒ„‘—– ͶǤͷ „‹ŽŽ‹‘ ›‡ƒ”• „ƒ Ǥ Š‡”‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘ƒ†™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡•ƒ‡‹ˆ—–—”‡
™ƒ• ‘ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ ‘ ‡ƒ”Ž› ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ƒ–‡” ‹‹‹Ȍ Š‡‡ƒ”–Š‹•ƒ„‘—–ͶͲͲͲ›‡ƒ”•‘Ž†
˜ƒ’‘—”ǡ ‡–Šƒ‡ǡ ƒ”„‘†‹‘š‹†‡ ƒ† 5. Chemical evolution/Organic evolution
ƒ‘‹ƒ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ˆ”‘ ‘Ž–‡ ƒ•• ‘˜‡”‡† ’ƒ”‹ ‘ˆ —••‹ƒ ƒ† ƒŽ†ƒ‡ ‘ˆ
–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ‰Žƒ† ’”‘’‘•‡† Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ
 Š‡  ”ƒ›• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •— „”‘‡—’  ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‹• –Š‡‘”›  –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ˆ‘” ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡
™ƒ–‡” ‹–‘ ›†”‘‰‡ ƒ† š›‰‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡ ‘‡ˆ”‘’”‡Ǧ‡š‹•–‹‰‘ǦŽ‹˜‹‰
Ž‹‰Š–‡” ʹ ‡• ƒ’‡†Ǥ š›‰‡ ‘„‹‡† ™‹–Š ‘”‰ƒ‹  ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ǡ ’”‘–‡‹ǡ ‡– ǤȌ
ƒ‘‹ƒ ƒ† ‡–Šƒ‡ –‘ ˆ‘” ™ƒ–‡”ǡ ʹ ƒ† –Šƒ– ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ ™ƒ• ’”‡ ‡†‡† „›
ƒ†‘–Š‡”•ǤŠ‡‘œ‘‡Žƒ›‡”™ƒ•ˆ‘”‡†Ǥ•‹– Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ †‹˜‡”•‡
‘‘Ž‡†ǡ–Š‡™ƒ–‡”˜ƒ’‘”ˆ‡ŽŽƒ•”ƒ‹ǡ–‘ˆ‹ŽŽƒŽŽ–Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹  ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• ˆ”‘ ‹‘”‰ƒ‹ 
†‡’”‡••‹‘•ƒ†ˆ‘”‘ ‡ƒ•Ǥ ‘•–‹–—‡–•Ǥ Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘• ‘ ’”‹‹–‹˜‡
”‹‰‹‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡ ‡ƒ”–Š ™‡”‡ Ȃ Š‹‰Š –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡ ˜‘Ž ƒ‹ 
•–‘”•ǡ ”‡†— ‹‰ ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰
Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ—‹“—‡
 Ͷǡ ͵ǡ‡– Ǥ
‡˜‡– ‹ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ —‹˜‡”•‡ ‹ˆ‡ ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†
ͷͲͲ‹ŽŽ‹‘›‡ƒ”•ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ”–Šǡ Experimental proof of chemical evolution
‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ƒŽ‘•– ˆ‘—”„‹ŽŽ‹‘›‡ƒ”•„ƒ Ǥ Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡  ͳͻͷ͵ǡ ǤǤ ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡ ƒ ‡”‹ ƒ
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ –Š‡‘”‹‡• –‘ ‡š’Žƒ‹ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ • ‹‡–‹•– ”‡ƒ–‡† •‹‹Žƒ” ‘†‹–‹‘• ‹ ƒ
‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‡‘”›ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡„‡Ž‘™ Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”› • ƒŽ‡ •‹‹Žƒ” –‘ –Šƒ– ‘ˆ ’”‹‹–‹˜‡
 ‡ƒ”–ŠǤ ‡ ”‡ƒ–‡† ‡Ž‡ –”‹  †‹• Šƒ”‰‡ ‹ ƒ
 Ž‘•‡† ˆŽƒ• ȋ’ƒ”Ž‡ †‹• Šƒ”‰‡ ƒ’’ƒ”ƒ–—• Ȍ
‘–ƒ‹‹‰  Ͷǡ ʹǡ  ͵ ȋʹǣʹǣͳȌ ƒ† ™ƒ–‡”
EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ  ŶĂǀĂƐϵϴϵϱΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ

, EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ  
˜ƒ’‘—” ƒ– ͺͲͲͲǤ ‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
ƒ‹‘ ƒ ‹†•Ǥ  •‹‹Žƒ” ‡š’‡”‹‡–• ‘–Š‡”•
‘„•‡”˜‡†ǡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •—‰ƒ”•ǡ ‹–”‘‰‡
„ƒ•‡•ǡ’‹‰‡–ƒ†ˆƒ–•Ǥ
• ‹‘ƒ ‹†•ǡ•—‰ƒ”ǡ‰Ž› ‡”‘Žǡƒ†ˆƒ––›ƒ ‹†•
‰ƒ˜‡ ”‹•‡ –‘ ’‘Ž›‡”•Ǥǡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ› Šƒ˜‡
ƒ••‡„Ž‡†  ‹–‘ •’Š‡”‹ ƒŽ •–”— –—”‡• ƒŽŽ‡†
”‘–‘„‹‘–Ǥ”‘–‘„‹‘– ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ
’‘Ž›’‡’–‹†‡ ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ‡† ‹ ”‘•’Š‡”‡ ȋ–‡”
‘‹‡† „› ‹†‡› ‘šȌǡ –Š‘•‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹’‹†• ƒ”‡
ƒŽŽ‡† ‹’‘•‘‡•ǤŠ‘•‡ ‘ˆ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
’‘Ž›’‡’–‹†‡ǡ — Ž‡‹  ƒ ‹†•ǡ ’‘Ž›•ƒ Šƒ”‹†‡
ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ‡† ‘ƒ ‡”˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ȋ‡” ‘‹‡† „›
’ƒ”‹Ȍ
• Š‡ ‘ƒ ‡”˜ƒ–‹˜‡ •–ƒ”–‡† –‘ ƒ„•‘”„ ‘”‰ƒ‹ 
•—„•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ‘ ‡ƒƒ†„‡ ƒ‡ƒ‡”‘„‡•
• ƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ ‡–‡‘”‹–‡ ‘–‡– ƒŽ•‘
”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡† •‹‹Žƒ” ‘’‘—†• ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰
–Šƒ– •‹‹Žƒ” ’”‘ ‡••‡• ƒ”‡ ‘ —””‹‰
‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡ ‹ •’ƒ ‡Ǥ ‹–Š –Š‹• Ž‹‹–‡† ˜‹†‡ ‡•‘ˆ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ
‡˜‹†‡ ‡ǡ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ™ƒ• ‘”‡ ‘”
Ž‡••ƒ ‡’–‡†Ǥ 1. paleontological evidence
• Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ‘Ǧ ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ˆ‘”• ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ ‘—Ž† –—†› ‘ˆ ˆ‘••‹Ž• ‹• ƒŽŽ‡† ’ƒŽ‡‘–‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ
Šƒ˜‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡† ͵ „‹ŽŽ‹‘ ›‡ƒ”• „ƒ Ǥ – ‘••‹Ž• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ’‡–”‹ˆ‹‡† ”‡ƒ‹• ‘ˆ ‘”‰ƒ‹•
™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‰‹ƒ– ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• ȋǡ –Šƒ– Ž‹˜‡† ‹ –Š‡ ’ƒ•–Ǥ ‘”‰ƒ‹•• Ǥ Š‡›
”‘–‡‹ǡ ‘Ž›•ƒ Šƒ”‹†‡•ǡ ‡– ǤȌǤ Š‡•‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡š–‹ –‘”‰ƒ‹••ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ‹‘•ƒ—”•ȌǤ
ƒ’•—Ž‡• ”‡’”‘†— ‡† –Š‡‹” ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• Significance of fossil study
’‡”Šƒ’•Ǥ ‹Ǥ – Š‡Ž’ –‘ •–—†› –Š‡ ˆ‘” ƒ† •–”— –—”‡
• Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ‡ŽŽ—Žƒ” ˆ‘” ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ †‹† ‘– ‘ˆ‡š–‹ –ƒ‹ƒŽ
’‘••‹„Ž› ‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡ –‹ŽŽ ƒ„‘—– ʹͲͲͲ ‹ŽŽ‹‘ ‹‹Ǥ –Š‡Ž’–‘•–—†›–Š‡Šƒ„‹–ƒ†„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—•
›‡ƒ”• ƒ‰‘Ǥ Š‡•‡ ™‡”‡ ’”‘„ƒ„Ž› •‹‰Ž‡Ǧ ‘ˆ‡š–‹ –‘”‰ƒ‹••
‡ŽŽ•Ǥ  ŽŽ Ž‹ˆ‡ ˆ‘”• ™‡”‡ ‹ ™ƒ–‡” ‹‹‹Ǥ  •–—†› ‘ˆ ˆ‘••‹Ž• ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‡˜‹”‘‡– ‘Ž›Ǥ Š‹• ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ •‡†‹‡–ƒ”› Žƒ›‡”• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡• –Š‡
„‹‘‰‡‡•‹•ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ˆ‘” ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ ƒ”‘•‡ ‰‡‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ’‡”‹‘†‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡›‡š‹•–‡†
•Ž‘™Ž› –Š”‘—‰Š ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”› ˆ‘” ‡• ˆ”‘ ‹˜Ǥ –Š‡Ž’–‘•–—†›–Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›Š‹•–‘”›
‘ǦŽ‹˜‹‰ ‘Ž‡ —Ž‡• ‹• ƒ ‡’–‡† „› ȋŠ›Ž‘‰‡›Ȍ ‘ˆ ‡”–ƒ‹ ƒ‹ƒŽ• Ž‹‡
ƒŒ‘”‹–›.  Š‘”•‡ǡ‡Ž‡’Šƒ–ǡƒ‡– 
‰ǣ‘Š‹’’—•Ǧ凕‘Š‹’’—•Ǧε
‡”› Š‹’’—•Ǧε“——•
˜Ǥ Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡ ˆ‘”• ‹
ˆ‘••‹Ž ”‡ ‘”†• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‘‡ –‹‰
Ž‹ „‡–™‡‡ –™‘ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ ‘”‰ƒ‹••Ǥ
‰Ǣ ” Šƒ‡‘’–‡”‹š •Š‘™• –Š‡ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ
„‘–Š”‡’–‹Ž‡•ƒ†„‹”†•Ǥ ‡ ‡‹–‹• ƒŽŽ‡†
ƒ• ‡’–‹Ž‡ „‹”†Ǥ Archaeopterix had a beak
like the birds but the beak had teeth like
reptiles
¾ Its forelimbs is modified into
wings like birds. But the wings
possess 3 free digits bearing claws
like reptiles


EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ  ŶĂǀĂƐϵϴϵϱΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ