PHIL 347 Week 6 Discussion: Causal Reasoning with reply

Week 6 Discussion: Causal Reasoning Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:  Textbook: Chapter 10  Lesson  Link (library article): Myopia and Ambient Lighting at Night (Links to an external site.)  Link (library article): Myopia and Ambient Night-Time Lighting (Links to an external site.)  Link (website): What Are Clinical Trials and Studies? (Links to an external site.)  Minimum of 1 scholarly source Initial Post Instructions As the text points out, causal reasoning is used in clinical studies. As a professional in the health field, you will undoubtedly be referring to cause/effect studies for the rest of your professional life. In this discussion, you are asked to expand and deepen your understanding of clinical studies. In 1999, a study on the causes of myopia appeared in the prestigious journal Nature (Quinn). The study received wide-spread publicity in leading newspapers, such as the New York Times, and on television outlets, such as CBS and CNN. Within a year, another article in Nature followed up the 1999 study (Zadnik). The studies had dramatically different findings. Using what you have learned from the text, as well as any other sources you may find useful (including the websites in the Required Resources), analyze and evaluate the methodology of both studies and how methodology affected the differences in how the studies were reported. Reportage of both studies can be found with an Internet search using all of the following terms: Philadelphia myopia night lights Professor and Class, A causal argument is an argument in which evidence is provided to show that a causal claim is true, and the conclusion of a causal argument is a causal claim. Causal arguments are inductive, so in order to determine the strength of the argument the arguer must show that the only reasonable cause of the resulting event is the precipitating event (Jackson & Newberry, 2016). Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, occurs when images of distant objects that are focused by the cornea and lens fall in front of the retina, and commonly occurs due to rapid eye growth in the first few years of life (Quinn, Shin, Maguire, & Stone, 1999).