BIOS 390 Week 1 Exam Study Guide.Verified.

Eric Kyle BIOS390 – Molecular Diagnostics Week 1 (TCO 1) The basic principles of genetics contributed by Gregor Johann Mendel are: 1. The principle of segregation 2. The principle of independent assortment (TCO 1) The Augustinian monk, Gregor Johann Mendel, crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6018 yellow and 2002 green (8020 total). The allele for green seeds has what relationship to the allele for yellow seeds?  Yellow is dominant over the green seeds, where as green seeds is recessive. (TCO 1) In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed  The double helix as a model for the structure of DNA. Question Set 2 (TCO 1) In 1928, Frederick Griffith discovered that Streptococcus pneumonia caused pneumonia in mice. In his experiments, mice were injected with different strains of treated and untreated bacteria. Which of the following is not likely to have occurred in the series of experiments by Griffith?  Live S bacteria inject into mice -die  Live R bacteria inject into mice-Live (do not have the capsule)  Heat killed S bacteria inject into mice-live  Mixture of live R bacteria and heat killed S bacteria injected into mice-Die (TCO 1) In 1928, Frederick Griffith injected living S (smooth) Streptococcus pneumonia into mice, and the mice died. When he injected living R (rough) Streptococcus pneumonia into mice, the mice lived. When he injected heat-killed S bacteria into mice, the mice lived. What was the result when he mixed heat-killed S bacteria with live R bacteria and injected this mixture into mice?  Mixture of live R bacteria and heat killed S bacteria injected into mice – The mice Die.  Griffith concluded that there was transformation which shows the role of DNA as a genetic material. Eric Kyle (TCO 1) In 1944, Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty used an in vitro agglutination assay to demonstrate that purified DNA was sufficient to cause transformation of cells, and that the transforming factor could be destroyed by  An enzyme called deoxyribonuclease that degrades DNA. Question Set 3 (TCO 1) Beadle and Tatum’s “one gene-one enzyme” hypothesis was later revised to the  “One gene – one polypeptide hypothesis” (TCO 1) In the 1950s, Hershey and Chase conducted a now-famous experiment to determine whether DNA or protein carried the hereditary information in bacteriophage T2. What method did they used to selectively label the DNA and protein components of bacteriophage T2?  Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used radioactive sulfur and phosphorous to trace the fates of protein and DNA, respectively, of T2 phages that infected bacterial cells. They wanted to see which of these molecules entered the cells and could reprogram them make more phages. (TCO 1) The classic experiment performed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase revealed  When the proteins were labeled (batch 1), radioactivity remained outside the cells; but when the DNA was labeled (batch 2), radioactivity was found inside the cells. Bacterial cells with radioactive phage DNA released new phages with some radioactive phosphorus.  The researchers concluded that Phage DNA entered bacterial cells, but phage proteins did not. Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, functions as the genetic material of phage T2.  The Hershey-Chase experiment was a landmark study because it provided powerful evidence that nucleic acids, rather than proteins, are the hereditary material, at least for viruses Question Set 4 (TCO 2) The phosphodiester linkage between adjacent nucleotides to form a DNA or RNA chain occurs by a _____ reaction involving the removal of _____ and pyrophosphate