Applied Sciences Section 2

Applied Sciences Section 2 1. Where did the Broad Street outbreak of cholera take place? a. New York b. Chicago c. London d. Paris Correct. The Broad Street outbreak of cholera occurred in the SoHo area of London. 2. According to the text, what did Edwin Chadwick focus much of his government work on? a. living conditions of the poor b. building affordable housing c. creating jobs for the poor d. providing access to clean water 3. The majority of the scientific community in this era was convinced that diseases were spread through bad air, or “miasma.” Many, like Chadwick, believed that this miasma could be smelled, and that this air was the cause of disease. Give an example of an observation that would discredit this theory. a. Workers that worked in the sewers were not any more prone to miasmatic diseases than those who did not work in the sewers. 4. If John Snow’s waterborne theory were correct, what effect would you expect the introduction of sewage into the Thames to have on the number of cholera deaths in London? a. The number of deaths would stay the same because the source of the water would remain constant. b. The number of deaths would increase because of increased levels of methane in the water. c. The number of deaths would decrease because of relatively increased air quality. d. The number of deaths would increase because more people would be drinking water that could contain cholera. 5. What portion of the Thames would you expect to produce cholera deaths at the highest rates? a. portions where there was no sewage in the vicinity b. the portion directly before where sewage was introduced c. All portions would be expected to be the same. d. the portion directly following where sewage was introduced 6. What flaw in Florence Nightingale’s reasoning regarding the air test might explain why miasma was often considered correct? a. Theories like contagion could be described using miasma theory. For instance, if someone were sick with a disease, they may be the source of the miasma that infected other people. 7. According to the text about prevailing scientific theories regarding air quality and disease, what would scientist like Florence Nightingale most likely believe to be true?