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samenvatting neurochirurgie VRHv6

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samenvatting van het onderdeel neurochirurgie binnen de module verpleegkundig redeneren en handelen verdiepend 6 in de opleiding verpleegkunde aan de Arteveldehogeschool.

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Samenvatting neurochirurgie

SCHEDELTRAUMATA
- Inleiding:
 1ste maatregel:
 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
 Belang: voldoende perfusie en oxygenatie van hersenen
 2de maatregel: onderzoek:
 GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale
 Pupillen controleren
 Mobiliteit van ledematen
 3de maatregel: (hetero-) anamnese
 4de maatregel: technische onderzoeken
 CT-scan
 Radiografieën




1

, - Schedelletsel: fracturen (belangrijke symptomen en aandachtspunten)
 Gesloten: geen huidwonde
 Open wonde: met huidwonde:
 Soms hevig bloedend:
 Arterie afklemmen
 Drukverband
 Halfzittende houding
 Bij durabeschadiging (net boven hersenen): risico op meningitis
 Fracturen schedeldak:
 Linear: verhoogd risico op intercraniële bloeding, extraduraal >subduraal
 Impressiefracturen (indeuking): risico op beschadiging cortex:
 Bloeding
 Epilepsie
 Fracturen schedelbasis:
 Voorste schedelbasis:
 Rhinorrhee: liquorverlies uit neus
 Brillhematoom
 Middelste schedelbasis:
 Otorrhee: liquorverlies uit oor
 Mastiïdhematoom (achter oor)

- Hersenletsel:
 Primair: opgelopen bij impact
 Commotio cerebri: hersenschudding
 Enkel functioneel zichtbaar
 Evt bewustzijnsverlies
 Amnesie:
 Retrograad: voorafgaand aan ongeval
 Anterograad: volgend op ongeval
 Contusio cerebri: hersenkneuzing:
 Anatomisch letsel
 Evt focale uitval (indien in functionele zone)
 Secundair: cascade die eventueel na impact kan komen
 Algemene factoren:
 Onvoldoende perfusie: hypovolemie
 Onvoldoende oxygenatie: hypoxie
 Intracraniële factoren: cascade effect
 Beschadiging hersencellen
 Vrijkomen zuurstofradicalen
 Lipide peroxydatieve beschadiging
 ICP: intercraniële druk




2

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