NR 291_Exam 1 StudyGuide

Topics Course Objectives Resources Bioequivalent, Synergistic, Prodrugs, In a steady state If two medications have the same bioavailability and same concentration of active ingredient, they are said to be bioequivalent (e.g., a brand-name drug and the same generic drug). Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. For example, 1 + 1 is greater than 2 (compare with additive effects). A prodrug is a drug that is inactive in its administered form and must be metabolized to its active form in the body, generally by the liver, to be effective. The physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose. (p. 29) Chapter 2 Medication given to arm, why? IM, because some medication are depo drugs. Chapter 2 Drug half-life The time it takes for one half (50%) of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body A measure of the rate at which a drug is removed from the body Most drugs considered to be effectively removed after about five half-lives Steady state: physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose. Chapter 2 Duration of action Study of what happens to a drug from the time Chapter 2 it is put into the body until the parent drug and all metabolites have left the body Highly protein bound Not highly protein bound When an individual is taking two medications that are highly protein bound, the medications may compete for binding sites on the albumin molecule. Because of this competition, there is more free, unbound drug. If albumin is low, there is no bounding. Chapter 2 Liver failure- pharmacokinetic phase Do not give drug to a pt with liver failure because it affects the metabolic absorption. Chapter 2 -Absorption -Distribution -Metabolism= 1st pass effect -Excretion Palliative, maintenance, empiric, supplemental Acute therapy- ASAP Maintenance therapy- maintenance pt when they have chronic disease. Supplemental/replacement therapy- vitamins Palliative therapy- comfort measures Supportive therapy- nutrition, physical Prophylactic therapy- preventative aka. About to go to surgery, they give antibiotics Empiric therapy- “Lets try if this will work”, herbal therapy Chapter 2 Allergic reaction, mutagenic, idiosyncratic, teratogenic reaction Teratogenic- meds that can cause birth defects- category X Mutagenic- permanent disturbence in your genics Carcinogenic- radiation, viruses, that can cause cancer Alergic reaction: rashes, drug of choice epi pen Idiosyncratic: abnormal response to the therapeutic response not an allergic reaction. Chapter 2 ...................................CONTINUED...................................