Chapter 17 The Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System

1) The activities of the nervous system, comprised of conscious thoughts, plans, and actions, A) include the majority of nervous activity. B) represent only a small portion of the activities of the nervous system. C) regulate all vital physiological functions. D) may require instructions or modifications from the ANS to function correctly. E) are all that are necessary to sustain life. Answer: B 2) In the ANS A) preganglionic fibers innervate the peripheral organs. B) preganglionic fibers are unmyelinated. C) there is always a synapse between the CNS motor neuron and the peripheral effector. D) motor neuron pathways synapse in the same patterns as in the somatic nervous system. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C 3) The autonomic division of the nervous system directs A) voluntary activity. B) conscious control of skeletal muscles. C) behavior. D) emotions. E) processes that maintain homeostasis. Answer: E 4) In the autonomic nervous system A) the lower motor neuron directly controls the effector organ. B) there is always a synapse located between the CNS and the effector organ. C) motor neurons do not synapse but are connected by communicating junctions. D) some motor neurons release both ACh and NE. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: B 5) The major divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) include A) the conscious and unconscious nervous systems. B) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. C) pre- and postganglionic fibers. D) the voluntary and involuntary divisions. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: B 6) Norepinephrine released from the sympathetic fibers is usually A) inhibitory. B) reverberating. C) excitatory. D) long lasting. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C 7) The most widely used neurotransmitter in the ANS is A) NE. B) epinephrine. C) ACh. D) GABA. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: C 8) Tissue responses to neurotransmitters A) are always excitatory. B) result from opening ion channels. C) are always inhibitory. D) vary depending upon the response of the membrane receptor to the presence of the neurotransmitter. E) result from the formation of second messengers. Answer: D 9) Which of the following applies to postganglionic neurons of the ANS sympathetic division? A) Their cell bodies are located between spinal segments T1 and L2. B) Their cell bodies are situated in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. C) Their axons synapse with the peripheral effector organs. D) Their axons emerge along the ventral roots of the spinal cord between segments T1 and L2. E) Some fibers do not synapse until the collateral ganglia. Answer: C 10) Generally speaking, the ANS A) causes relatively short-term changes. B) is always active. C) can inhibit or activate an organ. D) releases several different neurotransmitters. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E 11) In the autonomic nervous system two neurons are used outside of the CNS, whereas in the somatic nervous system ________ neuron(s) are used outside of the CNS. A) zero B) one C) three D) four E) ten Answer: B 12) The term enteric nervous system refers to A) the set of neurons in the lower thoracic region of the cord that controls the small intestine. B) the complex of nerves covering the esophagus. C) the rather large network of nerves involved in the inferior mesenteric plexus. D) the fact that the digestive system uses many short reflexes and is capable of regulating itself without the CNS. E) There is no such thing as an enteric nervous system. Answer: D 13) Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system that carry motor impulses to targets in the abdominopelvic cavity synapse in a(n) A) intramural ganglion. B) collateral ganglion. C) suprarenal ganglion. D) sympathetic chain ganglion. E) celiac ganglion. Answer: B