Nr 324 Exam1 Study Guide Complete Best Document For Exam.

NR324- Adult Health I- STUDY GUIDE Acid-Base, Fluid and Electrolytes Ch. 17~Respiratory System Ch. 26, 27, 28 & 29 TESTING STRATEGIES TO REVIEW •Analyze the situation described in the question. •Treat each question as a NEW situation unless otherwise directed. •Determine what the question is asking. •ACCEPT that what is the correct nursing action/ answer for one item MAY NOT be CORRECT in another scenario. •Select the answer that represents the safest nursing judgment. •Identify the topic of the question. •Select an answer by eliminating choices. •Do not use background information unless necessary. •Do not “read into” the question. •Think about what the answer choices really mean •THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION: • Open ended responses • Nonjudgmental response • ONLY use YES or No questions in a crisis situation. • “Why”.. Places people on the defensive. •Delegation/ Assignment • ONLY AN RN MAY: • Assess • Teach • Perform a skill that requires “clinical judgment” •POSITIONING: • Are you being asked to prevent or promote something? • Does it address the problem? •PRIORITIZATION: • Select ACTUAL over Potential problems • What is the safest thing to do? • Address the MOST unstable issue first. The Center for Academic Success offers TESTING Strategies workshops routinely. All students are recommended to attend at least one per session. Please reach out to your faculty or directly to the CAS staff to obtain a schedule. n Alternate Type Questions: Multiple Choice - Select all that Apply - Medication Calculation Total Number of Questions: Exam 1: 50 questions; 4 points each Topics Resources Calculation of Fluid Gain or Loss Lewis et al., 9th *** Please note that this is meant to serve as a study tool. Students ARE subject to be tested on any material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and activities within the course. *** NR324- Adult Health I- STUDY GUIDE One liter of water weighs 2.2 lb (1 kg). Body weight change, especially sudden change, is an excellent indicator of overall fluid volume loss or gain. For example, if a patient drinks 240 mL (8 oz) of fluid, weight gain will be 0.5 lb (0.23 kg). A patient receiving diuretic therapy who loses 4.4 lb (2 kg) in 24 hours has experienced a fluid loss of approximately 2 L. An adult patient who is fasting might lose approximately 1 to 2 lb/day. A weight loss exceeding this is likely due to loss of body fluid. Electrolyte Composition of Fluid Compartments Electrolyte composition varies between ECF and ICF. The overall concentration of electrolytes is approximately the same in the two compartments. However, concentrations of specific ions differ greatly (Fig. 17-3). In ECF the main cation is sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The primary ECF anion is chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate anions. Normal Serum Electrolyte Values TABLE 17-1 NORMAL SERUM ELECTROLYTE VALUES Electrolyte Reference Interval Anions Bicarbonate (HCO3 − ) 22-26 mEq/L (22-26 mmol/L) Chloride (Cl− ) 96-106 mEq/L (96-106 mmol/L) Phosphate (PO4 3−)* 2.4-4.4 mg/dL (0.78-1.42 mmol/L)