9TH GRADE
SCIENCE
Chapter- TISSUE
TOPICS COVERED:
6.1 Are Plants and Animals Made Are Plants and Animals Made of Same
Types of Tissues?
6.2 Plant Tissues
6.2.1 Meristematic Tissue
6.2.2 Permanent Tissue
➔ 6.2.2 (i) Simple Permanent Tissue
➔ 6.2.2 (ii) Complex Permanent Tissue
6.3 Animal Tissues
6.3.1 Epithelial Tissue
6.3.2 Connective Tissue
6.3.3 Muscular Tissue
6.3.4 Nervous Tissue
INTRODUCTION
1. All living organisms are made of cells.
2. Multicellular organisms show division of labour.
3. A particular function is carried out by a cluster of cells at a definite place in the
body. This cluster of cells is called a tissue. Blood, phloem, and muscle are all
examples of tissues.
4. A group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work together to achieve a
particular function forms a tissue.
5. In unicellular organisms, a single cell performs all basic functions. For e.g in
Amoeba, a single cell carries out movement, intake of food and respiratory gases,
respiration, and excretion.
6. In multicellular organisms there are millions of cells. Most of these cells are
specialized to carry out a few functions. Each specialized function is taken up by a
different group of cells.
7. In human beings, muscle cells contract and relax to cause movement, nerve cells
carry messages, blood flows to transport oxygen, food, hormones and waste
material and so on.
8. In plants, vascular tissues conduct food and water from one part of the plant to
other parts.
,6.1 ARE PLANTS AND ANIMALS MADE UP OF THE
SAME TYPES OF TISSUES?
❖ DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLANTS AND
ANIMALS:
PLANTS ANIMALS
1. Plants are stationary or fixed; they don’t 1. Animals move around in search of food,
move. mates, and shelter.
2. Most of these tissues are dead. Since 2. Most of the tissues they contain are
dead cells can provide mechanical living.
strength as easily as live ones, and need
less maintenance
3. They consume less energy as compared 3. Due to intensive body mobility they
to animals as plants do not require consume more energy as compared to
movement. plants.
4. The growth in plants is limited to certain 4. The growth is uniform all over the body
regions like the tips of stem and roots. of the animal.
5. Based on the dividing capacity of the 5. Cell growth in animals is more uniform.
tissues, various plant tissues can be So, there is no such demarcation of
classified as growing or meristematic dividing and non-dividing regions in
tissue and permanent tissue. animals.
6. The structural organization of organs 6. The structural organization of organs
and organ systems is less specialized and and organ systems is far more specialized
localized in complex plants than in and localized in complex animals than in
complex animals. very complex plants.
7. Cells of plant tissue have a cell wall. 7. Cells of animal tissue do not have a cell
wall.
8. Sedentary existence is shown by 8. Active locomotion is shown in animals
organisms like plants that do not move. as they have the ability to move from one
They are static. place to another.
9. Plant tissues provide strength and 9. Animal Tissues control all functions.
support to the plants.
, EXTRA QUESTIONS:
1. What is tissue?
Ans: A group of cells having similar shapes and functions act together to perform a
specific function is known as a tissue.
2. What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Ans: The use of tissues in multicellular organisms is to provide structural and
mechanical strength as well as to allow division of labour.
3. Why does meristematic tissue lack vacuole?
Ans: Meristematic cells are the cells that divide frequently. These cells need dense
cytoplasm and thin cell walls. Meristematic cells have immense potential to divide. For
this purpose, they have dense cytoplasm and thin cell walls. Due to this reason,
meristematic cells lack vacuole.
4. Why do desert plants have a thick waxy coating of cutin on their outer surface?
Ans: In desert plants, the epidermis has a thick waxy coating of cutin on its outer
surface. As it aids in protection against loss of water, mechanical injury, and invasion
by parasitic fungi.
5. Why is the outer layer of a branch of a tree different from the outer layer of a
young stem?
Ans: As plants grow older, the outer protective tissue
undergoes certain changes. A strip of secondary meristem
located in the cortex forms layers of cells that constitute the
cork. Cells of cork are dead and compactly arranged without
intercellular spaces (Fig. 6.6). They also have a substance
called suberin in their walls that makes them impervious to
gases and water.
6. What are cilia?
Ans: Cilia are hair-like projections on the out surface of epithelial cells of columnar
epithelial tissue in the respiratory tract. These cilia can move, and their movement
pushes the mucus (small food piece) forward to clear it. This type of epithelium is thus
CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM.
6. What is an epithelial barrier?
Ans: Epithelial barrier is a barrier formed by the epithelial tissue to keep different
body systems separate. They are essential to life. This is particularly true in the
intestine, where the epithelial barrier supports nutrient and water transport while
preventing microbial contamination of the interstitial tissues.
SCIENCE
Chapter- TISSUE
TOPICS COVERED:
6.1 Are Plants and Animals Made Are Plants and Animals Made of Same
Types of Tissues?
6.2 Plant Tissues
6.2.1 Meristematic Tissue
6.2.2 Permanent Tissue
➔ 6.2.2 (i) Simple Permanent Tissue
➔ 6.2.2 (ii) Complex Permanent Tissue
6.3 Animal Tissues
6.3.1 Epithelial Tissue
6.3.2 Connective Tissue
6.3.3 Muscular Tissue
6.3.4 Nervous Tissue
INTRODUCTION
1. All living organisms are made of cells.
2. Multicellular organisms show division of labour.
3. A particular function is carried out by a cluster of cells at a definite place in the
body. This cluster of cells is called a tissue. Blood, phloem, and muscle are all
examples of tissues.
4. A group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work together to achieve a
particular function forms a tissue.
5. In unicellular organisms, a single cell performs all basic functions. For e.g in
Amoeba, a single cell carries out movement, intake of food and respiratory gases,
respiration, and excretion.
6. In multicellular organisms there are millions of cells. Most of these cells are
specialized to carry out a few functions. Each specialized function is taken up by a
different group of cells.
7. In human beings, muscle cells contract and relax to cause movement, nerve cells
carry messages, blood flows to transport oxygen, food, hormones and waste
material and so on.
8. In plants, vascular tissues conduct food and water from one part of the plant to
other parts.
,6.1 ARE PLANTS AND ANIMALS MADE UP OF THE
SAME TYPES OF TISSUES?
❖ DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PLANTS AND
ANIMALS:
PLANTS ANIMALS
1. Plants are stationary or fixed; they don’t 1. Animals move around in search of food,
move. mates, and shelter.
2. Most of these tissues are dead. Since 2. Most of the tissues they contain are
dead cells can provide mechanical living.
strength as easily as live ones, and need
less maintenance
3. They consume less energy as compared 3. Due to intensive body mobility they
to animals as plants do not require consume more energy as compared to
movement. plants.
4. The growth in plants is limited to certain 4. The growth is uniform all over the body
regions like the tips of stem and roots. of the animal.
5. Based on the dividing capacity of the 5. Cell growth in animals is more uniform.
tissues, various plant tissues can be So, there is no such demarcation of
classified as growing or meristematic dividing and non-dividing regions in
tissue and permanent tissue. animals.
6. The structural organization of organs 6. The structural organization of organs
and organ systems is less specialized and and organ systems is far more specialized
localized in complex plants than in and localized in complex animals than in
complex animals. very complex plants.
7. Cells of plant tissue have a cell wall. 7. Cells of animal tissue do not have a cell
wall.
8. Sedentary existence is shown by 8. Active locomotion is shown in animals
organisms like plants that do not move. as they have the ability to move from one
They are static. place to another.
9. Plant tissues provide strength and 9. Animal Tissues control all functions.
support to the plants.
, EXTRA QUESTIONS:
1. What is tissue?
Ans: A group of cells having similar shapes and functions act together to perform a
specific function is known as a tissue.
2. What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Ans: The use of tissues in multicellular organisms is to provide structural and
mechanical strength as well as to allow division of labour.
3. Why does meristematic tissue lack vacuole?
Ans: Meristematic cells are the cells that divide frequently. These cells need dense
cytoplasm and thin cell walls. Meristematic cells have immense potential to divide. For
this purpose, they have dense cytoplasm and thin cell walls. Due to this reason,
meristematic cells lack vacuole.
4. Why do desert plants have a thick waxy coating of cutin on their outer surface?
Ans: In desert plants, the epidermis has a thick waxy coating of cutin on its outer
surface. As it aids in protection against loss of water, mechanical injury, and invasion
by parasitic fungi.
5. Why is the outer layer of a branch of a tree different from the outer layer of a
young stem?
Ans: As plants grow older, the outer protective tissue
undergoes certain changes. A strip of secondary meristem
located in the cortex forms layers of cells that constitute the
cork. Cells of cork are dead and compactly arranged without
intercellular spaces (Fig. 6.6). They also have a substance
called suberin in their walls that makes them impervious to
gases and water.
6. What are cilia?
Ans: Cilia are hair-like projections on the out surface of epithelial cells of columnar
epithelial tissue in the respiratory tract. These cilia can move, and their movement
pushes the mucus (small food piece) forward to clear it. This type of epithelium is thus
CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM.
6. What is an epithelial barrier?
Ans: Epithelial barrier is a barrier formed by the epithelial tissue to keep different
body systems separate. They are essential to life. This is particularly true in the
intestine, where the epithelial barrier supports nutrient and water transport while
preventing microbial contamination of the interstitial tissues.
