Chapter 9-Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory

CHAPTER i9-CATTELL'S iSTRUCTURE-BASED iSYSTEMS iTHEORY i i i CHAPTER iOUTLINE I. iStructure-based isystems itheory-set iof itraits ithat iguide ibehavior, ibut ican ibe imodified iby icomplex iinteractions iwith ithe iculture iand isituations. A. iTheoretical iapproach ito istudy iof ipersonality 1. iinductive-hypothetico-deductive ispiral-approach ito itheory iconstruction iand ivalidation iin iwhich ifacts iare icollected ifirst iand ithen igeneralized iinto ihypotheses, iwhich ilead ito ideductions ithat ican ibe itested iempirically. B. iEmpirical iapproach ito istudy iof ipersonality 1. iFactor ianalysis-technique idesigned ito isimplify ia icomplex iset iof idata iby iaccounting ifor ithem iin iterms iof iunderlying ifactors, iusually ifewer iin inumber ithan ithe ioriginal inumber iof ivariables iin ithe ioriginal idata iset. a. iR itechnique-form iof ifactor ianalysis iused ito iinfer iunderlying isource itraits iin ilarge isubject ipopulations. b. iP itechnique-form iof ifactor ianalysis ithat ipermits iassessment iof ithe iunique itrait istructure iof ian iindividual. II. iDefining iPersonality A. itraits-relatively ipermanent iand ibroad ireaction itendencies ithat iserve ias ithe ibuilding iblocks iof ipersonality; itraits iinitiate iand iguide ibehavior. 1. iconstitutional-traits idetermined iby ibiology. 2. ienvironmental-mold-traits idetermined iby iexperience. 3. iability-skills ithat ienable iindividuals ito icope ieffectively iwith iproblems iposed iby ithe ienvironment. 4. itemperament-innate itendencies ito ireact ito ithe ienvironment iin iparticular iways; iincludes isuch ivariables ias ithe iperson’s imoodiness, iexcitability, iand iactivity ilevel. 5. idynamic-characteristics ithat iembrace ipeople’s imotives iand iinterests. a. idynamic ilattice-organized isystem iof itraits iwithin ihuman ipersonality. i b. isubsidiation-process iinvolving ithe iinterrelatedness iof itraits iwithin ithe idynamic ilattice ior iorganizational istructure iof ipersonality; iattitudes iare idependent ion isentiments; isentiments iare idependent ion iergs. i 6. isurface-observable itrait ithat iis icontrolled iby ian iunderlying isource itrait. 7. isource-underlying icharacteristic iinferred ifrom ithe iintercorrelations iamong ia inumber iof imeasured ivariables, ior isurface itraits. III. iPersonality iSphere-listing iof iall ithe itraits iused ito idescribe ibehavior iin ia iculture. A. iSixteen iPersonality iFactor iTest-factor-analytically iderived iquestionnaire idesigned ito imeasure ithe iprimary ior ibasic iunderlying itraits iof ipersonality. B. iClinical iAnalysis iQuestionnaire-test idesigned ito imeasure inormal iand ideviant ipersonality itraits; iincludes ithe i16 iPF itraits iand i12 iother ipsychopathological itraits. IV. iEconetic iModel-model ithat ipostulates ia icomplex iinteraction ibetween itraits iand ithe iphysical, isocial, iand icultural ienvironments iin ithe iprediction iof ibehavior A. iEnvironmental iSphere-listing iof iall ithe iterms iused iin ia iculture ito idesignate isituations. V. iDynamic iCalculus-set iof imathematical iformulas i(specification iequations) ithat iintegrate itraits, ienvironment, iand imotivational ifactors iin ithe iprediction iof ibehavior. A. ispecification iequations-formulas ithat ispecify ithe iways iin iwhich itraits iare iweighted iin irelation ito igiven isituations iand ithen icombined ito ipredict ibehavior. VI. iPersonality iDevelopment A. iRole iof iHeredity iand iEnvironment-both ibiology iand ilearning iaffect ithe idevelopment iof itraits. 1. iclassical iconditioning-type iof ilearning iin iwhich ia istimulus ithat iis ioriginally iincapable iof ievoking ia iresponse ibecomes icapable iof ievoking iit iafter icontinued ipairing iof ithis istimulus iwith ione ithat i inaturally iproduces ithe iresponse. 2. iinstrumental iconditioning-type iof ilearning iin iwhich ithe ipresentation iof ia irewarding ior ipunishing istimulus iis imade icontingent ion ithe ioccurrence iof ia iresponse ior ibehavior; ialso iknown ias ioperant iconditioning. 3. iintegration ilearning-type iof ilearning iin iwhich ipeople iutilize itheir ireasoning iabilities iand ivalue isystems ito imaximize ithe iattainment iof ilong-range igoals. B. iAbnormal iDevelopment 1. ineurosis-disorder iin iwhich iperson iis ihighly ianxious iand iemotionally iunstable. 2. ipsychosis-very isevere idisorder iin iwhich iperson ioften iloses icontact iwith ireality iand imay ibe ia ithreat ito ihimself ior iothers. i VII. iTherapeutic iAssessment iTechniques A. iL-data-information iabout ia iperson’s ilife ibased ion ithe iactual iobservance iof ithe iperson’s ibehavior ior ion irecords iof ithe iperson’s ibehavior. i B. iQ-data-information iabout ia iperson=s ibehavior iobtained ithrough iself-ratings ion ia iquestionnaire. C. iT-data-information ibased ion ian iobserver’s ijudgments iof ihow ia iperson ireacts ito ithe ienvironment; ithe idata iare icollected iin isituations ithat ido inot ipermit ithe iperson ito iknow iwhat iaspect iof ihis ior iher ibehavior iis ibeing ievaluated. VIII. iTheory's iImplications ifor iTherapy-relies iheavily ion ithe iuse iof ipsychometric iinstruments iin ithe idiagnosis iof ithe idisorder iand ito igauge ieffectiveness iof itreatment. i i i i i i IX. iBeyondism-new imorality ibased ion iscientific iresearch iand idata. i iCattell ibelieved ithis inew iset iof iethics iwould ihelp isociety iprogress ibeyond iits icurrent istate iof iinstability, iconfusion, iand icrisis. A. irestrictive ieugenics-program ito ireduce ithe ibirth irate iof ithe imentally ihandicapped. iCattell iadvocated ithis iprogram iin ithe ibelief ithat isuch iindividuals iare ia icostly iburden ito isociety iand islow iits ievolutionary igrowth. B. icreative ieugenics-program idesigned ito iincrease ithe ibirth irate iof imore iintelligent ipeople iin ithe ibelief ithat isuch iindividuals iwill idevelop isounder iethical ivalues iand i i i i i i i i i icontribute imore ito isociety’s iwell-being. i X. iEvaluative iComments i A. iComprehensiveness-broad iin iscope. B. iPrecision iand itestability-precise iand itestable. C. iParsimony-high iin iparsimony. D. i iEmpirical ivalidity-empirical isupport ifor ithe ipredictive ivalidity iof ithe i16 iPF itest iis igood iin ithe iarea iof ioccupational ipsychology, ibut ilittle isupport ifor ithe ieconetic imodel ias iyet. E. iHeuristic ivalue-theory ihas inot iproved ivery istimulating ito imainstream iresearchers, ibut isome iof iCattell's ipioneering iideas iabout ithe irole iof itraits ihave ihad ian iimpact ion icontemporary ipersonality ipsychologists, iespecially ithose iinterested iin ithe iBig iFive ifactors i(See iChapter i18). F. iApplied ivalue-considerable iinfluence iin ithe iclinical idiagnosis iof ipsychopathology iand itremendous iimpact ion ioccupational ipsychology. CLASSROOM iTOPICS iFOR iLECTURE, iDISCUSSION, iAND iDEMONSTRATION Cattell's iMoral iPhilosophy. i iMost istudents iabhor iCattell's iBeyondism--the iproposed isystem ifor idiscovering iethical igoals ibased ion iscientific iknowledge iand iinvestigation. i iAsk ithe istudents iif ithey iagree iwith iCattell's ieugenics iideas ias ia imeans iof iencouraging ithe idevelopment iof ia ipopulation iwith ihigher iintelligence iand iemotional istability. i iYou icould ichallenge ithe istudents iwith ithe iquestion, i"What's iwrong iwith iwanting ito i'weed iout' ithe iincompetent iand imentally idefective?" i iThen iemphasize ithe istrong ianti-democratic iand iauthoritarian itendencies iin iCattell's iproposal. i iMention ialso ithat iCattell iassumes ithat iintellect iis ithe isupreme, ipositive itrait iin ia ihealthy isociety iand ithat iother ipeople iwould idebate ihis iview, iarguing ithat iother iqualities isuch ias ialtruism iand icompassion iare ieven imore iimportant. i iEmphasize ithat ithere iis ilittle iscientific ievidence ito isupport iCattell's iposition iand irecall ifor ithe istudents ithat ithere iis i(mercifully) ilittle ihope ithat iCattell's iplan iwill iever igain iprominence iamong ipersonality ipsychologists. LEARNING iGOALS At ithe iconclusion iof iChapter i9, iyour istudents ishould ibe iable ito: 1. explain ithe iinductive-hypothetico-deductive ispiral. 2. define ifactor ianalysis iand iunderstand iboth ithe istrengths iand iweaknesses iof ithe iprocedure. 3. name ithe iprimary isource itraits iof ipersonality. 4. describe ithe ithree ikinds iof ilearning ithat iare iinvolved iin ithe iformation iand idevelopment iof ipersonality. 5. distinguish ibetween ineurosis iand ipsychosis. TEST iBANK MULTIPLE iCHOICE 1. i iAccording ito iCattell, ito ibuild ia itheory, iwe istart iwith: a. empirical iobservation iand idescription iand ithen igenerate itentative ihypotheses ibased ion ithis iprocedure b. the itheory iand ithen idiscover iways ito imeasure ithe ibehavior iaccurately ieither ito iprove ior ito idisprove ithe itheory c. the ideductive ispiral d. a iset iof igeneral ipropositions ifrom iwhich ihypotheses iare ithen ideduced iand itested ANS: ia 2. i iCattell iargues ithat ithe ibivariate imethod, iwhich irelies ion ithe imanipulation iof ian iindependent ivariable iand ithe iassessment iof iits iimpact ion ia idependent imeasure: a. studies ithe i"whole iorganism" b. is ithe ibest iway iof istudying ibehavior c. arbitrarily iconsiders i"bits" iof ihuman ibehavior iand iignores ithe itotal iorganism d. leads ito icomplex iinterpretations iof ithe iway ievents ioperate iin ireality ANS: ic 3. i iThe istatistical imethod iin iwhich imany idifferent imeasurements iare iobtained ifrom ia ilarge igroup iof istudy iparticipants iand ithen iare iintercorrelated ito idetermine ithe icommon ior iunderlying ifactors ithat idetermine ithe ivariation iin ithe isurface ivariables ior ithe ivariables ithat iappear ito ibe irelated ito ieach iother iis: a. bivariate icorrelation b. multivariate icorrelation c. intercorrelation imethodosity d. factor ianalysis ANS: id 4. i iThe idegree iof iassociation ibetween ieach isurface ivariable iand ithe ifactors iis icalled: a. associative ivariability b. factor iloading c. factor ivariability d. surface ivariability ANS: ib 5. i iAnalysis iof iprimary ifactors imay iyield: a. second-order ifactors b. innate ifactors c. factor ivariability d. internal ifactors ANS: ia 6. i iCattell idefines ipersonality ias: a. species ispecific ibehavior iof ia iuniversal inature b. that iwhich itells iwhat ia iman ior iwoman iwill ido iwhen iplaced iin ia igiven isituation c. the iterm ifor ibehavior ispringing ifrom iinnate idrives iand itraits d. that iwhich iallows ione ito igeneralize ithe ibehavior iof ian iindividual ito ithat iof isociety iat ilarge ANS: ib 7. i iTraits ithat irefer ito ia iperson's iskill iin idealing iwith ithe icomplexity iof ia igiven isituation iare: a. stylistic itraits b. dynamic itraits c. ability itraits d. temperament itraits ANS: ic 8. i iTraits ithat irefer ito ithe istylistic itendencies iof ian iindividual iare: a. ability itraits b. dynamic itraits c. temperament itraits d. stylistic itraits ANS: ic 9. i iTraits ithat irefer ito ithe imotivation iand iinterests iof ithe iperson iare: a. ability itraits b. dynamic itraits c. temperament itraits d. stylistic itraits ANS: ib 10. iA itrait ithat iis isimply ia icollection iof itrait ielements iof ia igreater ior ilesser iwidth iof irepresentation iwhich iobviously i"go itogether" iin imany idifferent iindividuals iand icircumstances iis ia: a. common itrait b. source itrait c. representative itrait d. surface itrait ANS: id 11. iThe imethod iof igathering idata ithat iis inot ione iof iCattell's ithree imajor imethods iof igathering idata iis: a. M idata b. L idata c. Q idata d. T idata ANS: ia 12. iThe idata-gathering imethod ithat irefers ito ian iinterview isituation iin iwhich irespondents ifill iout ipaper-and-pencil itests ifrom iwhich itrait iscores ican ibe iderived iis: a. M idata b. Q idata c. L idata d. T idata ANS: ib 13. iThe idata-gathering imethod ithat irefers ito ithe imeasurement iof ibehavior iin iactual ieveryday isituations iis: a. M idata b. Q idata c. L idata d. T idata ANS: ic 14. iThe idata-gathering imethod ithat irefers ito iinformation ithat iis igathered iby ian iobserver iin ia istandard itest isituation iis: a. M idata b. Q idata c. L idata d. T idata ANS: id 15. iThe iessence iof ia ilack iof iego istrength i(Factor iC), ias istated iin iyour itext, iinvolves: a. an iinability ito icontrol ione's iimpulses iand ito ideal irealistically iwith iproblems b. a ihigh itolerance ifor ianxiety c. an iopposition ito ithe ipsychoanalytic iconcept iof iego istrength d. the icontrol iof iirrational iimpulse iin iservice ito ithe iego iin iorder ito iremain iat iease iin isocial isettings ANS: ia 16. iCattell iinitially ideveloped ia ireliable imeasure iof ipersonality ibased ion ihis isource itraits, iwhich ihe iused iin igenerating ihypotheses iabout ithe ibehavior iof ipeople; ihe icalled iit ithe: a. 16 iPF b. Cattell iPersonality iInstinct iMeasure c. 20 iF.P. iQuestionnaire d. Source iTrait iQuestionnaire ANS: ia 17. iIn iorder ito ispecify ithe iways iin iwhich itraits iare ito ibe icombined ito ipredict iany iperformance, iCattell ideveloped ithe: a. Trait iInteraction iEquation b. Specification iEquation c. Trait iPrediction iScale d. Trait iAssessment iQuestionnaire ANS: ib 18. iSpecific iinterests iin iparticular icourses iof iaction itoward icertain iobjects iin ia igiven isituation iare icalled: a. sentiments b. attitudes c. responses d. ergs ANS: ic 19. iThe itwo isubdivisions iof idynamic itraits ithat iare iinferred ifrom ithe ifactor ianalytic istudy iof iattitudes iare: a. sentiment iand iresponse b. responses iand iergs c. opinions iand isentiments d. ergs iand isentiments ANS: id 20. iTraits ilearned ivia iexperience iwith ipeople iare: a. ergs b. attitudes c. sentiments d. responses ANS: ic 21. iThe iprocess iwhereby icertain itraits icontrol iand ilead ito ithe ioccurrence iof iother itraits iis: a. domination b. dynamism c. differentiation d. subsidiation ANS: id 22. iCattell ifeels ithat ithe iformation iand imaintenance iof ithe idynamic ilattice iwill idepend ion ithe iacquisition iof ibehaviors iand iattitudes ithat isimultaneously icontribute ito ithe isatisfaction iof itwo ior imore idifferent igoals; ithis iis icalled: a. confluence ilearning b. reward ilearning c. integration ilearning d. modeling ilearning ANS: ia 23. iSentiments ithemselves iare ilearned ivia: a. confluence ilearning b. reward ilearning c. integration ilearning d. substitute ilearning ANS: ib 24. iThe iintegration iof ithe ivarious iattitudes, isentiments, iand iinterests iof ithe iperson, ias iwell ias ithe iregulation iof ithe iexpression iof iergs, iis iaccomplished iby: a. quantitative itechniques b. integration ilearning c. the iutilization iof ithe iself-sentiment iconcept d. association ilearning ANS: ic 25. iThe itechnique ithat iinvolves itesting ithe iperson ion ia ilarge inumber iof ipersonality idimensions irepeatedly iover ia inumber iof idifferent ioccasions, iproviding ia imeans iof idiscovering ithe iunique itrait istructure iof ithe iperson, iis ithe: a. C itechnique b. PF itechnique c. Z itechnique d. P itechnique ANS: id 26. iThe imost icommon iform iof ifactor ianalysis iinvolves iuse iof ithe: a. R itechnique b. P itechnique c. C itechnique d. D itechnique ANS: ia 27. iTo iaccount ifor ithe irole iplayed iby isituational ivariables iin iinfluencing iour ibehavior, iCattell ihas iconstructed ia(n): a. trait imodel b. econetic imodel c. economic imodel d. exchange imodel ANS: ib 28. iIn iorder ito iassess ithe imajor itraits iof inormal iand iabnormal ipersonality, iCattell ihas imost irecently iconstructed ithe: a. Personality iand iMotivation iQuestionnaire b. Clinical iAnalysis iQuestionnaire c. Dynamic iQuestionnaire d. Subsidiation-Erg iQuestionnaire ANS: ib 29. iThe iperson iwho isuffers iinsistent, irepetitive iideas iwould ibe icharacterized ias ihigh iin: a. anxious idepression b. euphoria c. paranoia d. psychasthenia ANS: id 30. iThe iperson iwho ihas ilittle ineed ifor iexcitement iwould ibe icharacterized ias ilow iin: a. brooding idiscontent b. bored idepression c. psychopathic ideviation d. general ipsychosis ANS: ia 31. iThe ilist iof iall ithe iterms iused iin ia iculture ito idescribe isituations iis icalled ithe: a. personality isphere b. environmental isphere c. emotional isphere d. subsidiation isphere ANS: ib 32. iYang, iChoe, iBaity, iLee, iand iCho istudied ithe ipersonality icharacteristics iof iKorean iadolescents iwho iwere iaddicted ito ithe iInternet iand ifound ithat iInternet iaddicts: a. were ihigher iin iFactor iC ithan iminimal iInternet iusers b. were ilower iin iirritability ithan iminimal iInternet iusers c. derived imost iof itheir isatisfaction ifrom iInternet iactivity ithan ifrom ifriendships d. were ilower iin ianxiety ithan iminimal iInternet iusers ANS: ic 33. iCattell's itheory ihas: a. weak iapplied ivalue b. no iapplied ivalue c. applied ivalue ionly iin ithe iarea iof ioccupational ipsychology d. strong iapplied ivalue ANS: id 34. iCattell's itheory ihas: a. had ilittle iheuristic ivalue b. strong iheuristic ivalue c. no iprecision d. no itestability ANS: ia 35. iCattell's itheory iis: a. overly isimplistic b. economical c. too iparsimonious d. simplistic ANS: ib 36. iThe istatistical iprocedure iwhich iCattell iuses ito iassess ithe idegree ito iwhich ivarious itraits iare idetermined igenetically iand ienvironmentally iis icalled: a. Multiple iFactor iAnalysis b. Multiple iAbstract iVariance iAnalysis c. Correlational iVariance iAnalysis d. Multiple iFactor iAbstraction iAnalysis ANS: ib 37. iAccording ito iCattell, ithe ipercentage iof igenes iin icommon ifor imembers iof ivarious igroupings, iranging ifrom imost ito ileast, iis: a. identical itwins, ifraternal itwins, iand iunrelated ichildren b. identical itwins, iunrelated ichildren, iand ifraternal itwins c. unrelated ichildren, iidentical itwins, iand ifraternal itwins d. siblings, ifraternal itwins, iand iidentical itwins ANS: ia 38. iGenetic iresearch ihas iindicated ithat iapproximately: a. 90% iof ithe ivariation iin iintelligence iamong iindividuals iis idue ito ienvironmental ifactors b. 30% iof ithe ivariation iin iintelligence iis idue ito ienvironmental ifactors iand ierrors iof imeasurement c. 90% iof ithe ivariation iin iintelligence iis idue ito igenetic ifactors d. 50% iof ithe ivariation iin iintelligence iis idue ito igenetic ifactors ANS: ib 39. iOn ithe i16 iPF itest, ipeople iwho iare icaring iand igenerous itend ito iscore ihigh ion iFactor iA, ithe idimension iof: a. emotional istability b. liveliness c. warmth d. social iboldness ANS: ic 40. iOn ithe i16 iPF itest, ipeople iwho iare iresistant ito ichange iand itraditional itend ito iscore ilow ion iFactor iQ1, ithe idimension iof: a. openness ito ichange b. self-reliance c. perfectionism d. warmth ANS: ia 41. iThe iprogram ithat ifocuses ion ireducing ithe ilarge inumber iof imentally idefective iindividuals iin ithe iculture iby irequiring isterilization iis icalled: a. restrictive ieugenics b. competitive ieugenics c. healthy ieugenics d. creative ieugenics ANS: ia 42. iAccording ito iRyckman, iBeyondism: a. is ibased ialmost icompletely ion isolid iscientific idata b. will iprobably ienjoy iincreased ipopularity iwith ipersonality ipsychologists iover ithe inext ithree idecades c. is ilargely ia iconservative iphilosophy iwith ilittle iscientific ievidence ito isupport iit d. encompasses ia iset iof iideas ithat iare inoncontroversial ANS: ic 43. iCattell's icreative ieugenics iprogram iwould: a. encourage iless iintelligent ipeople ito ihave imore ichildren b. encourage ipoorer ipeople ito ihave imore ichildren c. encourage imore isocially isuccessful ipeople ito ihave imore ichildren d. discourage iricher ipeople ifrom ihaving iany ichildren ANS: ic 44. iCattell's iviews iabout ithe ineed ifor ia inew imorality ibased ion iscience iis isummarized iby ithe iterm: a. secular ihumanism b. Christianity c. Beyondism d. Hinduism ANS: ic 45. iFor iCattell, ithe isupreme ivalue iis: a. liberalism b. the isurvival iof ithe iindividual c. the isurvival iof ithe igroup d. socialism ANS: ic 46. iThe iperson iwho iis icomplacent itoward ihis iown iantisocial ibehavior iis ihigh iin: a. bored idepression b. hypochondriasis c. energy idepression d. psychopathic ideviation ANS: id 47. iIf iChristine iis ivery iclumsy iin ihandling ithings, itense, iand ieasily iupset, ishe imight iachieve ia iscore ion ithe iClinical iAnalysis iQuestionnaire iwhich iindicates ithat ishe iis ihigh iin: a. paranoia b. hypochondriasis c. brooding idiscontent d. anxious idepression ANS: id 48. iThe ikind iof iintelligence ithat iis ibased ion iformal ieducation iis icalled: a. fluid iintelligence b. innate iintelligence c. crystallized iintelligence d. trait iintelligence ANS: ic 49. iThe ikind iof iintelligence ithat iis ilargely iinnate iis icalled: a. fluid iintelligence b. crystallized iintelligence c. habitual iintelligence d. trait iintelligence ANS: ia 50. iCattell iclaims ithat ihis iBeyondist iphilosophy icould ibest ibe irealized iin ia icountry ithat ihas ia(n): a. democratic igovernment b. communistic igovernment c. socialistic igovernment d. authoritarian igovernment ANS: ia 51. iOn ithe iClinical iAnalysis iQuestionnaire, ipeople iwho ireport ithey iare ibeing ipersecuted ior imistreated iby iothers iscore ihigh iin: a. depression b. schizophrenia c. hypochondriasis d. paranoia ANS: id MSC: iWWW 52. iOn ithe iClinical iAnalysis iQuestionnaire, ipeople iwho ireport ithey iavoid icontact iand iinvolvement iwith iothers iscore ihigh iin: a. suicidal idisgust b. paranoia c. bored idepression d. psychasthenia i ANS: ic MSC: iWWW 53. iCattell iattempts ito iremedy ithe ideficiencies iof itrait imodels iwhich ineglect ithe irole iof ithe ienvironment iin ipredicting ibehavior iby ideveloping ia(n): a. econetic imodel b. personality imodel c. self-sentiment imodel d. instinctual imodel ANS: ia MSC: iWWW 54. iThe ikind iof ibehavioral idata iwhich iis icollected iin iactual, ieveryday isituations iis icalled: a. Q-data b. G-data c. A-data d. L-data ANS: id MSC: iWWW 55. i iThe ipolicy iaimed iat ireducing ithe inumber iof imentally idefective ipeople ithrough ithe iuse iof ivoluntary ior iforced isterilization iis icalled: a. humane ieugenics b. creative ieugenics c. restrictive ieugenics i i i i d. cooperative ieugenics ANS: ic MSC: iWWW COMPLETION 1. i iStructure-based ilearning iimplies ithat ithere iare isets iof i______________ iwithin ithe iperson ithat ican iinitiate iand idirect ibehavior. ANS: itraits 2. i iCattell's iapproach ito itheory ibuilding iis ithe ibegin iwith i______________ iand, ion ithis ibasis, ito igenerate ia itentative, irough ihypothesis. ANS: iempirical iobservations 3. i iCattell ibelieves ithat iexcessive ireliance ion ibivariate iexperiments ican ilead ito ioversimplified iinterpretations iof ithe iway ievents ioperate iin ireality. i iHe ithinks ithat ionly______________ iexperiments iallow iinvestigators ito ianalyze iand iinterpret icomplex ibehavior iadequately. ANS: imultivariate 4. i iThe imost icommon iform iof ifactor ianalysis iis ithe i______________ itechnique. i ANS: iR 5. i iThe idegree iof iassociation ibetween ieach isurface ivariable iand iits iunderlying ifactor iis icalled ithe i______________. ANS: ifactor iloading 6. i iThe iP itechnique iis idesigned ito idiscover ithe______________ itrait istructure iof ia isingle iindividual. ANS: iunique 7. i iCattell idefines i______________ ias i"that iwhich itells iwhat i(a iperson) iwill ido iwhen iplaced iin ia igiven isituation". ANS: ipersonality 8. i______________ itraits iare idetermined iby ibiology, iwhereas ienvironmental-mold itraits iare idetermined iby iexperience. ANS: iConstitutional 9. i iCattell ihas icreated ia icomplicated istatistical iprocedure icalled i______________ ito iassess ithe idegree ito iwhich ivarious itraits iare idetermined igenetically iand ienvironmentally. ANS: imultiple iabstract ivariance ianalysis 10. i iCattell's i______________ iattempts ito idiscover ithe imajor isource itraits iof ipersonality iby ibeginning iwith ian iadequate ilist iof iall ithe ipersonality itraits ithat ican ibe iused ito idescribe iindividuals. i ANS: ipersonality isphere TRUE/FALSE i 1. iThe iClinical iAnalysis iQuestionnaire imeasures inormal iand iabnormal ipersonality itraits. ANS: iT 2. iVerbal iand imathematical iskills iare iexamples iof icrystallized iintelligence. ANS: iT 3. iThe itwo idimensional, iorganized isystem iof itraits iwithin ithe iperson iis icalled ithe isimplified ilattice i(network). ANS: iF 4. iA ipersonality isphere iis ithe ilist iof iall ithe iterms iused iin ia iculture ito idesignate isituations ior ienvironments. ANS: iF 5. iAbilities ithat iare iinnately ibased iare icalled ifluid iintelligence. ANS: iT 6. iInvestigations idesigned ito iassess ithe iimpact iof ifour ivariables ion ianother ivariable iare icalled ibivariate iexperiments. ANS: iF 7. iThe iprogram iwhich iencourages imore iintelligent ipeople ito ihave imore ichildren iis icalled icreative ieugenics. ANS: iT 8. iRestrictive ieugenics iis ia ipolicy iaimed iat ireducing ithe inumber iof idefective iindividuals ithrough isterilization. ANS: iT 9. iL-data irefers ito ithe imeasurement iof ibehavior iin iactual, ieveryday isituations. ANS: iT 10. iThe iterm iused ifor ireward ilearning iis iinstrumental iconditioning. i i ANS: iT ESSAY 1. i iDistinguish ibetween ibivariate iand imultivariate iexperiments. iWhy idoes iCattell iadvocate ithe iuse iof imultivariate iexperiments iso istrongly? ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 2. i iWhat iis ifactor ianalysis? i iDistinguish ibetween isurface iand isource itraits iin iyour ianswer. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 3. i iDescribe ithe ivarious ikinds iof itraits iused iby iCattell iin ihis iattempts ito iunderstand ipersonality ifunctioning. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 4. i iWhat iis ithe iClinical iAnalysis iQuestionnaire? i iDescribe iten iof iits imajor itraits. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 5. i iAssess iCattell's itheory iin iterms iof ithe isix icriteria ifor ijudging ithe iworth iof ia iscientific itheory. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 6. i iDescribe iCattell's iBeyondist iphilosophy. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 7. i iShow ihow ispecification iequations ican ibe iused ito ipredict ithe ibehavior iof iindividuals. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 8. i iWhat iare ithe idifferences ibetween icrystallized iand ifluid iintelligence? ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 9. i iWhat iis ithe i16 iPF itest? i iDescribe isome iof iits imajor isource itraits. ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided 10. iWhat iis ithe iinductive-hypothetico-deductive ispiral? i iHow idoes iit idiffer ifrom ithe ihypothetico-deductive imodel? ANS: iAnswer inot iprovided