C01_TB_Krahn_WICS7e

Chapter I1: IHistorical IPerspectives Ion IWork I(1700–1950s) Multiple-Choice IQuestions Identify Ithe Ichoice Ithat Ibest Ianswers Ithe Iquestion. 1. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iare Idemonstrated Iby Ihistorical Istudies? a. Industrial Icapitalism Ihad Igiven Iway Ito Imercantile Icapitalism Iby Ithe Imid-1800s. I b. Industrialization Itook Iplace Iin ICanada Ilater Ithan Iin IEurope Iand Ithe IUnited IStates. c. Mercantile Icapitalism Ibegan Iin IAsia, Iwhile Iindustrial Icapitalism Ibegan Iin IEurope. I d. North IAmerican Iworkers Idid Inot Iexperience Ipoverty Iand Iexploitation Iduring Iearly Iindustrialization Isimilar Ito Iwhat Iwas Iexperienced Iby Ithe IEnglish Iworking Iclass. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: pp. I4–5, I7–8 BLM: IHigher IOrder 2. Compared Ito Ithe Iera Iof Iindustrial Icapitalism Iin Iwestern IEurope, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Icharacterized Ifeudal Isociety? I a. More Irapid Isocial Ichange. b. Less Iemphasis Ion Ireligion. I c. Less Iwage Ilabour. I d. Larger Icommunities. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I4 BLM: IRemember 3. I During Ithe Ifirst Ihalf Iof Ithe I1800s, IRussia’s Ieconomy Iwas Idominated Iby Iagriculture, Iwith Ipowerful Ilandowners Iprofiting Ifrom Ithe Iwork Idone Iby Ilandless Ipeasants. IDuring Ithe Isecond Ihalf Iof Ithe I1800s, Imany Ilarge Ifactories Iand Irailway Isystems Iwere Ibuilt Iby Irich Iindividuals Iand Ifamilies Iand Ilarge Icompanies. IIn I1917, Ithe IRussian IRevolution Iled Ito Ithe Istate I(government) Itaking Iover Iownership Iof Ifarms, Ifactories, Irailways, Iand Ithe Irest Iof Ithe Ieconomy. IThis Isystem Istayed Iin Iplace Iuntil I1989. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idescribes IRussia Iin Ithe Iearly I1800s? I a. Mercantile Icapitalism. b. Feudalism. I c. Industrial Icapitalism. I d. Socialism. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I4 BLM: IRemember 4. Based Ion IQ. I5 I(above), Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idescribes IRussia Iin Ithe Ilate I1800s? a. Post-feudalism. I b. Mercantile Icapitalism. c. Industrial Icapitalism. I d. Diversified Icapitalism. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I4–5 BLM: IRemember 5. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idescribes Ithe I“putting Iout” Isystem Ithat Iexisted Iduring Iearly Iindustrialization Iin IEurope? I a. Women Iwere Iextensively Iinvolved Iin Iproduction. I b. Large Iinvestments Iin Imanufacturing Itechnology Iwere Irequired. c. It Iwas Imore Iefficient Ithan Ifactory-based Iproduction. d. It Idramatically Iincreased Ithe Ilevel Iof Iagricultural Iproduction. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I5 BLM: IHigher IOrder 6. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwas Inot Ipart Iof I“the Igreat Itransformation” Idescribed Iby IKarl IPolanyi? I a. The Iemergence Iof Isocialist Iforms Iof Igovernment. b. Growing Iurbanization. c. A Ishift Ito Inew Itechnologies Iand Iinanimate Ienergy Isources. d. The Iemergence Iof Iwidespread Iwage Ilabour. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I6 BLM: IRemember 7. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ioccurred Iin Ipre-industrial ICanada Iin Ithe Iearly I1800s? I a. Many Ipeople Iwho Ihad Iimmigrated Ito Ithe IUnited IStates Iwere Imoving Ito ICanada Ibecause Ithey Icould Inot Iget Ijobs Iin Ithe IUnited IStates. I b. Immigrants Iemployed Iin Icanal-building Iwere Ivery Ipoorly Ipaid. c. Many Ifactories Iwere Ibeing Ibuilt. d. Agriculture Iwas Ibecoming Ithe Idominant Iindustry Iin Iwestern ICanada. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I7 BLM: IRemember 8. During Ithe Iearly I1900s Iin ICanada, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwere Ioccurring? I a. Skilled Icraftworkers Iin IOntario Iwere Ieager Ito Ibegin Iworking Iin Ilarge Ifactories. b. Employers Idid Inot Iwant Ito Ihire Iimmigrants Ifrom IEurope Iand IChina Ifor Ijobs Iin Imining Iand Irailway-building Ibecause Ithey Ithought Ithey Iwould Ijoin Iunions. I c. Dangerous Iworking Iconditions Iin Imining Iin Iwestern ICanada Iled Ito Iseveral Isocialists Ibeing Ielected Ias Iprovincial Ipoliticians. I d. Laws Iwere Ibeing Ipassed Iso Ithat Iwomen Iwere Ipaid Ithe Isame Ias Imen Ifor Isimilar Iwork. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I9–10 BLM: IRemember 9. The Ieconomy Iin Ithe IAfrican Icountry Iof IHypothetica Iis Iprimarily Iagricultural. IMost Iof Ithe Ifarms Iare Iowned Iby Icompanies Iin Iwestern IEurope Ior Ithe IUnited IStates. ILocal Iresidents Iare Ihired Ion Ia Imonthly Ibasis Ito Iwork Ion Ithe Ifarms, Iusing Ihigh-tech Ifarm Imachinery. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iconcepts Ithat IKarl IMarx Iintroduced Iwould Ibe Ibest Ifor Idescribing Ithis Ieconomic Isystem? I a. I Mode Iof Iproduction. b. Means Iof Iproduction. I c. Social Irelations Iof Iproduction. d. Industrial Iagrarian Iproduction. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I10 BLM: IHigher IOrder 10. According Ito IKarl IMarx, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwould Ieventually Ibe Ithe Iroot Icause Iof Ithe Iend Iof Icapitalism Iand Ithe Iemergence Iof Isocialism? I a. I Laws Iprohibiting Itrade Iunions. b. Increasing Idivision Iof Ilabour. I c. Alienating Ieffects Iof Ibureaucracy. d. Growing Iconflict Ibetween Ithe Iworking Iclass Iand Icapitalists. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I11 BLM: IHigher IOrder 11. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Isocial Itheorists Ibest Ipredicted Iwhat Ihappened Iin IRussia Iin I1917? a. Adam ISmith. I b. Émile IDurkheim. c. Max IWeber. I d. Karl IMarx. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I11 BLM: IRemember 12. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idescribes IRussia Ithroughout Imost Iof Ithe I1900s? a. State Icapitalism. I b. Mercantile Icapitalism. c. Industrial Icapitalism. I d. State Isocialism. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I11–12 BLM: IRemember 13. In Iwhat Iway Idid IAdam ISmith Iand IKarl IMarx Ihave Isimilar Iviews Iabout Iwork Irelationships Iin Iindustrial Isocieties, Ieven Ithough Itheir Ireasons Iwere Idifferent? a. Both Iwere Iopposed Ito Ithe Idivision Iof Ilabour. b. Both Iwere Iopposed Ito Iexcessive Ibureaucracy. I c. Both Ifelt Ithat Iunions Idid Inot Ireally Iprovide Ibenefits Ito Iworkers. d. Both Ifelt Ithat Ithe Iexploitation Iof Iworkers Iwas Iwrong. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I12 BLM: IHigher IOrder 14. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Imost Icorrect Iwith Irespect Ito Isocial Itheories Iabout Ithe Idivision Iof Ilabour? a. I I Adam ISmith Ibelieved Ithat Iit Iled Ito Iwidespread Ialienation Iamong Iworkers. b. I I Émile IDurkheim Iargued Ithat Iit Iwas Iboth Ieconomically Iuseful Iand Imorally Igood.   c. I I Karl IMarx Ibelieved Iit Iincreased Iboth Iprofits Ifor Iowners Iand Ithe Ihappiness Iof Iworkers. I d. I I Max IWeber Istated Ithat Iit Ino Ilonger Iexisted Iin Ilarge Ibureaucracies. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: pp. I12–15 BLM: IHigher IOrder 15. Adam ISmith’s Iview Iof Imodern Ieconomies Iis Idescribed Ibest Iby Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing? a. He Iargued Ithat Icompetition Iled Ito Ithe Icreation Iof Iwealth. I b. He Icondoned Ithe Iexploitation Iof Iworkers Ibecause Ilow Iwages Iincrease Iproductivity. I c. He Ibelieved Ithe Idivision Iof Ilabour Ihad Ino Iimpact Ion Iproductivity. I d. He Ifelt Ithat Ithe Ikey Ito Iunderstanding Ithe Ieconomy Iwas Istudying Ibureaucracy. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I12–13 BLM: IRemember 16. Adam ISmith Iargued Ithat Ian Iextensive Idivision Iof Ilabour Icould Ilead Ito Iimmense Iincreases Iin Iproductivity Iin Ia Ifactory Isetting. IWhat Idid ICharles IBabbage Ipropose Ito Ifurther Iincrease Iprofits Ifor Ifactory Iowners? I a. Increasing Ithe Ilength Iof Ithe Iworking Iday. b. Paying Iworkers Iless, Isince Ithey Iwould Irequire Ifewer Iskills. c. Outlawing Itrade Iunions. d. Making Iworkers Ipay Ifor Itheir Iown Itools. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I14 BLM: Remember 17. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iassumptions Iis Imost Icentral Ito IÉmile IDurkheim’s Iassessment Iof Ithe Ipositive Isocial Ioutcomes Iof Ithe Idivision Iof Ilabour? I a. I Workers Idoing Ivery Idifferent Ijobs Imust Irecognize Ithat Ithey Idepend Ion Iothers Iwith Idifferent Iresponsibilities. I b. An Iextensive Idivision Iof Ilabour Iis Itypically Imost Iprofitable. I c. While Iworkers Iare Idoing Ivery Idifferent Ijobs, Ithey Iall Ishould Ibe Ipaid Iabout Ithe Isame. I d. People Iwith Imore Iskills Imust Ibe Ipaid Ithe Imost. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I15 BLM: Higher IOrder 18. Health ICentral Iis Ia Ilarge Ihospital Iwhere Imost Idoctors Iearn Iover I$200,000 Iannually, Imost Inurses Iearn Iabout I$65,000 Iannually, Iand Ithe Icleaning Istaff Iare Ipaid Ithe Iminimum Iwage. IBecause Ithey Ifeel Ithey Iare Iunderpaid, Ithe Icleaning Istaff Idon’t Ilike Ihelping Ithe Inurses. IFor Ithe Isame Ireason, Ithe Inurses Idon’t Ilike Ihelping Iout Ithe Idoctors. IA Iconsultant Ihired Ito Ideal Iwith Ithe Iproblem Irecommends Ia Iseries Iof Iworkshops Iwhere Imembers Iof Iall Ithree Igroups Iwill Imeet Ito Ilearn Imore Iabout Iwhat Iothers Ido Iin Itheir Ijobs. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Isocial Itheorists Iwould Ilikely Iapplaud Ithis Isuggestion? I a. I I Adam ISmith. I b. Karl IMarx. I c. I I Émile IDurkheim. d. I Max IWeber. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I15 BLM: IHigher IOrder 19. The Iapproach Irecommended Iby Ithe Iconsultant Ihired Iby IHealth ICentral I(see IQ. I18) Iwould Ibest Ibe Idescribed Ias Ireflecting Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iperspectives Ion Ithe Isociology Iof Iwork? a. I I The Igreat Itransformation Iperspective. I b. The Ipost-bureaucratic Iperspective. c. The Iconflict Iperspective. d. The Iconsensus Iapproach. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I15 BLM: IHigher IOrder 20. Organization IX Ihas Ithe Ifollowing Icharacteristics. IAccording Ito IMax IWeber, Iwhich Ione Iwould Inot Ibe Ipresent Iin Ian I“ideal Itype” Ibureaucracy? I a. I Each Ijob Ihas Iits Iown Iclearly Idefined Iresponsibilities. I b. A Iclear Ichain Iof Icommand Ilinks Iall Ipositions Ifrom Ithe Ibottom Ito Ithe Itop Iof Ithe Iorganizational Ihierarchy. I c. Managers Irequire Iworkers Ito Ivolunteer Iin Ithe Icommunity, Ibut Ido Inot Iallow Ithem Ito Iget Iinvolved Iin Ipolitics. I d. Carefully Iwritten Irecords Iare Ikept Iof Iall Idecisions Imade Iand Itransactions Icompleted. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I16 BLM: IHigher IOrder Short IAnswer IQuestions 21. I Define Iand Ibriefly Idiscuss, Iwith Iexamples, Ithe Iconcepts Iof I“industrial Isociety” Iand I“capitalist Isystem Iof Iproduction.” I REF: Ip. I3 I 22. Briefly Idiscuss Iwhat IKarl IPolanyi Imeant Iby I“the Igreat Itransformation.” I REF: Ip. I6 I 23. In Ione Ior Itwo Isentences Ifor Ieach, Idescribe Ione Iof Ithe Imain Icontributions Ito Ithe Isociology Iof Iwork Imade Iby IAdam ISmith, IKarl IMarx, IÉmile IDurkheim, Iand IMax IWeber. I REF: Ipp. I10–16 I 24. I Briefly Icompare Ithe I“consensus” Iand I“conflict” Iperspectives Iin Ithe Isociology Iof Iwork. I REF: Ipp. I11–12, I15 I   Essay IQuestions I 25. Imagine Ithat IKarl IMarx Iand IÉmile IDurkheim Iwere Iinvited Ito Idebate Iwhat Ithey Isaw Ito Ibe Ithe Ikey Isocial Iaspects Iof Ithe IIndustrial IRevolution Iand Iits Imost Iimportant Ioutcomes. IIn Iyour Iessay, Ioutline Ithe Iarguments Iand Irebuttals Ithat Ieach Imight Imake. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Iwill Ineed Ito Ioutline Ithe Ibasic Isocial/economic Itheories Iof Iboth IMarx Iand IDurkheim. IThe I“conflict” Iand I“consensus” Iperspectives Ion Ithe Isociology Iof Iwork Iwould Ibe Ia Iuseful Iframework. IMore Imotivated Istudents Imight Iconsult Iadditional Ischolarly Isources Ithat Icritique Ieither IMarx Ior IDurkheim Ior Iboth. I 26. Canada Ideveloped Iinto Ian Iindustrial Icapitalist Isociety Ifollowing Ia Isomewhat Idifferent Ipath Ithan IBritain. IDiscuss Ithese Idifferences. IHow Ihas Ithe Icontemporary ICanadian Ieconomy Iand Isociety Ibeen Ishaped Iby Iits Iunique Iindustrialization Itrajectory? I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Ishould Idiscuss Ifeudalism, Imercantile Icapitalism, Iand Iindustrial Icapitalism Iin IBritain. IReference Ito I“the Igreat Itransformation” I(Polanyi) Iwould Ibe Iuseful. IThey Ishould Irecognize Ithat Ithe Iprocess Istarted Ilater Iin ICanada, Idid Inot Ireally Iinvolve Ifeudalism, Iwas Iinfluenced Iby Iwhat Iwas Ioccurring Iin Ithe IUnited IStates, Iand Ihad Istrong Iregional Icomponents. IBoth Ithe Iinfluence Iof Ithe IUnited IStates Iand Ithe Iregional Inature Iof ICanadian Iindustrialization Iare Ireflected Iin ICanadian Isociety Itoday. ISome Istudents Imight Imove Ibeyond Ithe Ieconomic Ito Idiscuss Iimpacts Ion Icontemporary ICanadian Iculture, Ion IFirst INations, Ior Iother Ithemes. I 27. George ISantayana Ionce Iwrote Ithat I“[t]hose Iwho Icannot Iremember Ithe Ipast Iare Icondemned Ito Irepeat Iit.” IOther Icontemporary Isocial Icommentators Isuggest Ithere Iis Ilittle Ito Ilearn Ifrom Ithe Ihistory Iof Iindustrial Icapitalism, Isince Inew Itechnologies Ihave Iso Idramatically Ichanged Ithe Iworld Iof Iwork. IWhat Iis Iyour Iopinion Ion Ithis Idebate? I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Icould Igo Iin Ialmost Iany Idirection Iwith Ithis Iessay Iquestion, Ibut Ithey Ishould Ipresent Ia Ireasonably Iextensive Iand Iaccurate Idescription Iof Ithe Ihistory Iof Iindustrial Icapitalism Iin ICanada Iand/or IBritain Ito Iargue Ithat Ihistory Iis Ieither Irelevant Ior Inot. IAn Ianswer Itaking Ithe Iposition Ithat Ihistory Iis Irelevant Iis Ilikely Ito Ibe Imore Iconvincing. IWith Irespect Ito Ithis Iposition, Icontinued Iregional Idifferences Iin Iemployment Iopportunities Iin ICanada Iwould Ibe Iworth Inoting. I 28. See IDiscussion IQuestions Iat Ithe Iend Iof IChapter I1 Ifor Iadditional Iideas Ifor Iexamination Iessay Iquestions. I