C10_TB_Krahn_WICS7e

pter I10: IConflict Iand IControl Iin Ithe IWorkplace I Multiple-Choice IQuestions Identify Ithe Ichoice Ithat Ibest Ianswers Ithe Iquestion. 1. I If Ithey Icould Icome Iback Ito Ilife, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iclassical Isocial Itheorists Iwould Ilikely Ibe Imost Isupportive Iof Ithe Inew Imanagerial Iparadigms Ithat Ihave Ibeen Iintroduced Iin Ithe Ipast Iseveral Idecades Iin Ian Iattempt Ito Isolve Ithe Iproblems Iof Ibureaucracy Iand Iassist Imanagers Iin Imotivating Iworkers? a. Karl IMarx. I b. Adam ISmith. c. Max IWeber. I d. Émile IDurkheim. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I300 BLM: Higher IOrder 2. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Idefines I“surplus Ivalue” Ias Idiscussed Iby IKarl IMarx? a. The Iprofits Iremaining Ifor Icapitalists Iafter Ithey Ipaid Iworkers Ifor Itheir Ilabour. I b. The Iadditional Ivalue Igenerated Iby Iintroducing Inew Itechnologies Ito Ithe Iworkplace. I c. The Igreater Isocietal Iwealth Igenerated Iunder Icapitalism Icompared Ito Ifeudalism. d. The Icontribution Ito Inational Iwealth Igenerated Iby Ithe Ipetit Ibourgeoisie. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I301 BLM: Remember I 3. I According Ito IHarry IBraverman, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ioccupations Iexperienced Ideskilling Iand Istandardization Iin Ithe I20th Icentury, Imuch Ilike Ifactory-based Imanufacturing Ijobs Ihad Ibeen Ideskilled Iand Istandardized Idecades Iearlier? a. Managerial Ioccupations. b. Clerical Ijobs Iin Ibureaucratic Ioffices. I c. Sales Ijobs Iin Irapidly Iexpanding Iretail Ibusinesses. d. Lower-tier Iservice-sector Ijobs. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I303 BLM: Remember 4. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Iexplains Iwhy IHarry IBraverman’s I1974 Ibook ILabor Iand IMonopoly ICapital Iwas Iso Iinfluential? I a. He Iproved Ithat Ideskilling Ioccurred Iin Iall Ioccupational Igroups Iover Ithe Ipast Icentury. I b. He Iadded Ian Iimportant Igender Ianalysis Ito Ilabour Iprocess Idebates. I c. He Ichallenged Iwork Iresearchers Ito Iask Inew Iquestions Iabout Ilabour Iprocess Ichanges. I d. He Iplaced Ia Igreat Ideal Iof Iemphasis Ion Ihow Iworkers Iresisted Iefforts Ito Icontrol Ithem. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I303–304 BLM: Remember 5. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Icriticisms Ihas Ibeen Imade Iof Iboth IHarry IBraverman’s Ibook ILabor Iand IMonopoly ICapital Iand IGordon, IEdwards, Iand IReich’s Ianalysis Iof Ithe Ievolution Iof Isegmented Ilabour Imarkets Iin I20th Icentury INorth IAmerica? a. Their Itheories Iportrayed Iworkers Ias Ilargely Ipassive. I b. Their Itheories Isuggested Ithat Iworkers Ihave Imuch Imore Iagency Ithan Ithey Ireally Ido. I c. Their Itheories Iignored Ithe Irole Iof Itechnology Iin Ishaping Ithe Ilabour Iprocess. I d. Their Itheories Ioveremphasized Ithe Ipower Iof Iunions. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I304–305 BLM: Higher IOrder 6. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Icore Ithemes Iin Ithe Ilabour Iprocess Idebate Iwere Iprompted Iby IHarry IBraverman’s I1974 Ibook ILabor Iand IMonopoly ICapital? I a. The Irise Iof Iunions Iand Ithe Idecline Iof Iindustrial Idemocracy. I b. Job Ideskilling Iand Imanagerial Icontrol Iover Iwork Idecisions. I c. Technological Ichange Iand Iquality Icontrol Iof Iproduction Isystems. I d. Team Iconflict Iand Ihigh-performance Iwork Isystems. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I305 BLM: Higher IOrder 7. I Gordon, IEdwards, Iand IReich Iwrote Iabout Ithe Ievolution Iof Isegmented Ilabour Imarkets Iin INorth IAmerica. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Idid Ithey Isuggest Iwas Ian Ioutcome Iof Ithis Iprocess? a. An Iincrease Iin Iglobal Isystems Iof Iproduction. I b. A Isocially Ifragmented Iand Ipolitically Iweak Iworking Iclass. I c. A Igrowing Igender Iwage Igap. I d. Greater Imarginalization Iof Iimmigrants Iin Isociety. I I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I305 BLM: Remember 8. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iterms Iis Iused Ito Idescribe Iregulation Iof Ithe Ilabour Iprocess Ithrough Icoercive Ior Ipaternalistic Imethods? I a. Technical Icontrol. I b. Bureaucratic Icontrol. c. Responsible Iautonomy. I d. Simple Icontrol. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I306 BLM: Remember 9. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iscenarios Iwould Ibe Ithe Ibest Iexample Iof IAndrew IFriedman’s Iconcept Iof Ia I“shifting Ifrontier Iof Icontrol”? I a. A Ilarge Imanufacturing Icompany Ishifting Iits Ioperations Ito Ifactories Iin IChina. I b. An Iautomobile Imanufacturing Icompany Ishifting Ito Ilean Iproduction Imethods. I   c. Nursing Ihome Iworkers Iforming Ia Iunion Iand Igetting Isome Icontrol Iover Iworking Ihours. I d. A Ilarge Ibank Iintroducing Ia Iform Iof Ielectronic Isurveillance Iof Iworkers Iin Iall Ibranches. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I305–306 BLM: Higher IOrder 10. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Idefinitions Iof Ia Itype Iof Imanagement Icontrol Iis Icorrect? a. “Bureaucratic Icontrol” Iinvolves Ithe Iuse Iof Igovernment Ilaws Iand Iregulations. I b. “Responsible Iautonomy” Iinvolves Iworkers Iregulating Ithemselves. I c. “Technical Icontrol” Iis Ialmost Iimpossible Iin Iassembly-line Imanufacturing. I d. “Electronic Icontrol” Imight Ibe Ieffective, Ibut Iis Iillegal Iin ICanada Iand Ithe IUnited IStates. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: pp. I305–309 BLM: Higher IOrder 11. I Employees Iin Imany Iworkplaces Iput Ia Igreat Ideal Iof Ieffort Iinto Itheir Iwork. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ireasons Ifor Iworking Ithis Ihard Iwould Ibe Ithe Ibest Iexample Iof IMichael IBurawoy’s Iconcept Iof I“hegemonic Iorganization Iof Iwork”? a. Employees Iwant Itheir Icompany Ito Ibe Isuccessful Ibecause Ithey Ifeel Icommitted Ito Iit. I b. Employees Iare Ianxious Iabout Ibeing Ilaid Ioff. I c. Employees Iare Iaware Itheir Iperformance Iis Ibeing Imonitored Iby Imanagement. I d. Employees Iare Ipaid Iaccording Ito Itheir Iperformance. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I307 BLM: Higher IOrder 12. I Michael IBurawoy Iuses Ithe Iterm Ihegemonic Iorganization Iof Iwork Iin Imuch Ithe Isame Iway Ias Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iterms Iused Iby IRichard IEdwards? a. Self-control. I b. Simple Icontrol. I c. Technical Icontrol. d. Bureaucratic Icontrol. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I307 BLM: Remember 13. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idescribes Ihow Isociologists Iconceptualize I“deskilling” Iand I“enskilling?” a. Once Ithey Ihave Iacquired Ithem, Iit Iis Ivery Idifficult Ifor Iworkers Ito Ilose Itheir Iskills. I b. Jobs Ican Ibe Ideskilled, Ibut Ithere Iare Ifew Iexamples Iof Ithem Ibeing Ienskilled. I c. Jobs Ican Ibe Iredesigned Ito Irequire Ifewer Ior Imore Iskills, Iand Iworkers Ican Iboth Ilose Ior Ilearn Iskills. I d. Deskilling Iapplies Ito Ijobs, Iwhile Ienskilling Iapplies Ito Ipeople. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I310 BLM: Remember   14. I Rosemary Ibegan Iwork Ias Ia Ibank Iteller Ia Iyear Iago. IDuring Ithe Ifirst Ithree Imonths, Ishe Ispent Itwo Idays Ia Iweek Iin Iformal Itraining, Ilearning Iabout Idifferent Ifinancial Itransactions, Ihow Ithe Ibank’s Icomputer Isystem Iworked, Iand Iother Iaspects Iof Ithe Ijob. IOver Ithe Icourse Iof Ithe Iyear, Ishe Ihas Ialso Ilearned Ifrom Iexperience Ihow Ito Iget Iaround I“bugs” Iin Ithe Icomputer Isystem, Iand Ifrom Iher Icoworkers Ihow Ito Ideal Iwith Idifficult Icustomers Iand, Isometimes, Idifficult Ibosses. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iterms Ibest Idescribes Iwhat IRosemary Ilearned Ioutside Iof Iformal Itraining? a. Informal Iknowledge. I b. Worker Isub-culture. I I c. Organizational Iculture. I d. Tacit Iskills. I I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I310 BLM: Higher IOrder 15. I Aisha Iis Ian Ioffice Iworker Iin Ia Ilarge Iinsurance Icompany. IHer Ijob Ibasically Iconsists Iof Iresponding Ito Icustomer Ienquiries Iand Icomplaints Iby Itelephone. IAisha’s Imanager Irecently Iasked Iher Ito Idesign Ia Ispreadsheet Ito Irecord Ithe Idifferent Itypes Iof Icustomer Ienquiries Iand Icomplaints Ishe Iand Iother Ioffice Iworkers Ireceived. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwould Ibe Ithe Ibest Idescription Iof Iwhat Ihas Itaken Iplace? I a. Multi-tasking. I b. Multi-skilling. I c. Electronic Icontrol Ienhancement. I d. Efficiency Ienhancement. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I311 BLM: Higher IOrder 16. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iare Ithe Imain Idefinitional Icomponents Iof Iwork-related Iskill? a. Substantive Icomplexity Iand Idecision-making Iautonomy. I b. Social Iinteraction Iand Itechnological Iinvolvement. c. Substantive Icomplexity Iand Itechnological Iinvolvement. I I d. Decision-making Iautonomy Iand Isocial Iinteraction. I I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I311 BLM: Remember 17. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Idescribes I“informated Iwork” Ias Idiscussed Iby IShoshana IZuboff Iin Iher Iearly Icase Istudies Iof Icomputer Iuse Iin Iworkplaces? a. Work Idone Itraditionally, Iwithout Ithe Iaid Iof Icomputers. I b. Work Ipreviously Idone Iby Ipeople Ithat Iis Inow Idone Icompletely Iby Icomputers. I c. Work Iinvolving Icomputers Iand Irequiring Iworkers Ito Ilearn Inew Iskills. I d. Work Iinvolving Icomputers Ithat Ihas Iled Ito Ithe Ideskilling Iof Iworkers. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I314 BLM: Remember   18. I Over Ithe Ipast Ifew Iyears, Ithere Ihas Ibeen Ia Igreat Ideal Iof Idebate Iin ICanada Iabout: I(a) Iwhether Ior Inot Ito Ibuild Inew Ipipelines Ito Iget Iwestern ICanadian Ioil Ito Iworld Imarkets; Iand I(b) Iwhere Ito Ibuild Ithem, Iif Ithey Iare Ito Ibe Ibuilt. ISome Igroups Iargue Ithat Iboth Iquestions Ishould Ibe Ianswered Ionly Iif Iall Igroups Iaffected, Iincluding IFirst INations, Iare Ieffectively Iconsulted Iand Iif Iclimate Ichange Iissues Iare Iincluded Iin Ithe Idiscussion. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iperspectives Iwould Ibest Idescribe Ithis Iargument? I a. Technological Ideterminism. I b. Economic Ideterminism. I c. Social Ideterminism. d. Bio-environmental Ideterminism. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I316–317 BLM: Higher IOrder 19. I The Iconcept I“survivor Isyndrome” Iis Ibest Idefined Iby Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing? a. Young Ipeople Iwho Ispent Iyears Iin Iuniversity Iand Inow Ihave Ito Ipay Ioff Imassive Idebts. I b. The Icosts Iemployers Iface Itrying Ito Irehabilitate Iworkers Iinjured Ion Ithe Ijob. I c. Manufacturing Ifirms Ithat Ihave Iremained Icompetitive Idespite Iout-dated Itechnology. I d. Negative Ieffects Iof Idownsizing Ion Iemployees Iwho Ikept Itheir Ijobs. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I318 BLM: Remember 20. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iscenarios Iwould Ibest Ibe Ilabelled Ias Ian Iexample Iof I“neo-Taylorism?” I a. Workers Iin Ia I“lean Iproduction” Ifactory Ifeel Istressed Iby Iconstant Ipressure Ito Iincrease Ioutput. I b. Office Ijobs Iare Isimplified Iand Istandardized Iby Iintroducing Inew Icomputer Isoftware. I I I c. Jobs Iare Ioutsourced Ito IChina Iand IIndia Iwhere Ilabour Ilaws Iare Inot Ias Istrict. d. “Teamwork” Imanagerial Iapproaches Iare Iintroduced Ito Iallow Iassembly Iline Iworkers Isome Ijob Itask Iautonomy. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I320 BLM: Higher IOrder Short IAnswer IQuestions I 21. I Karl IMarx Iargued Ithat, Iin Icapitalist Isociety, Iwork Ihad Ibecome Ia Icommodity. IIn Ia Ifew Isentences, Iexplain Iwhat Ihe Imeant Iby Ithis. I REF: Ip. I302 22. I In Ia Isentence Ior Itwo Ifor Ieach, Idefine Isimple Icontrol, Itechnical Icontrol, Iand Ibureaucratic Icontrol. REF: Ip. I305   23. I In Ia Isentence Ior Itwo Ifor Ieach, Idefine Itechnological Ideterminism, Ieconomic Ideterminism, Iand Isocial Ideterminism. REF: Ip. I316 Essay IQuestions I 24. Wallace IClement Iand IJohn IMyles I(1994) Iare Iquoted Iin Ithe Itextbook Ias Isaying Ithat Isociety Iis Ifaced Iby Ia I“postindustrial INirvana Iof Iknowledge Iwhere Ieveryone Iwill Ibe Ia Ibrain Isurgeon, Iartist, Ior Iphilosopher I(Bell) Ior, Ialternatively, Ia Ipostindustrial IHades Iwhere Iwe Ishall Ibe Idoomed Ito Ilabour Imindlessly Iin Ithe Iservice Iof Icapital.” IOutline Ithe Idebate Iframed Iby IClement Iand IMyles. IWhich Iof Ithe Itwo Ipositions Iis Imost Iaccurate, Iin Iyour Iopinion? IDiscuss Ithe Ievidence Ithat Ileads Iyou Ito Ithis Iconclusion. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Ishould Ibe Iable Ito Ioutline IDaniel IBell’s Iposition Ion Ipost-industrial Isociety I(p. I310, Ialso IChapter I2) Ias Iwell Ias IBraverman’s Iargument Ithat Ideskilling Icontinues Ito Ioccur Iin I20th-century Iworkplaces. IResearch Isuggests Ithat, Ion Iaverage, Iwe Ihave Iseen Imore Iskill Iupgrading Ithan Ideskilling Iof Ioccupations, Ibut Ithere Iare Ia Inumber Iof Iimportant Icaveats I(pp. I311–312). IA Ibetter Ianswer Iwould Idiscuss Ithe Idefinition Iand Imeasurement Iof I“skill” I(pp. I310–311) Iand Imight Idistinguish Ibetween Imulti-tasking Iand Imulti-skilling. I 25. “Technological Iinnovation Iis Ithe Iengine Iof Iboth Ieconomic Igrowth Iand Isocial Idevelopment.” ICritically Ievaluate Ithis Iclaim, Imaking Ireference Ito Itheories Iand Iempirical Ievidence Ipresented Iin Ithis Iand Iother Itextbook Ichapters. Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Iare Iunlikely Ito Iargue Ithat Itechnology Idoes Inot Icontribute Ito Ieconomic Igrowth, Inor Ishould Ithey. IThis Ibeing Ia Isociology Icourse, Ithe Ikey Ito Ia Igood Ianswer Iis Ia Idiscussion Iof Iwhether Itechnology Ialso Icontributes Ito Isocial Idevelopment. IStudents Imight Imention IDaniel IBell Iand IGerhard ILenski Ifrom Iearlier Ichapters, Ibut Ishould Idiscuss IHarry IBraverman’s Iposition Ion Itechnology. IA Igood Ianswer Iwould Iengage Iwith Ithe Idebates Iabout Iwhether Inew Iinformation Iand Icomputer Itechnologies I(ICT) Iare Ileading Ito Ijob Iloss, Ideskilling, Iand Iincreased Iinequality I(pp. I312–315) Iand Ishould Icomment Ion Itechnological, Ieconomic, Iand Isocial Ideterminism I(p. I316). I 26. Outline Ithe Icore Iarguments Imade Iby IHarry IBraverman Iin Ihis I1974 Ibook ILabor Iand IMonopoly ICapital. IWhy Ihas Ithis Ibook Ibeen Iinfluential Iin Ithe Isociology Iof Iwork? IDiscuss Ithe Icriticisms Ithat Ithe Ibook Ihas Ireceived. IThink Iback Ito Ia Ijob Ithat Iyou Ihave Iheld I(or Iperhaps Ia Ifriend Ior Ifamily Imember Ihas Iheld) Iand Idescribe Isome Iaspect Iof Iwhat Iyou Idid Iin Ithe Ijob, Ior Ihow Iyou Iwere Itreated Iby Iyour Iboss, Iin Ithe Iway IBraverman Iwould Ihave Idescribed Iit Iif Ihe Ihad Iheld Ithat Ijob. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: ISatisfactory Ianswers Ito Ithe Ifirst Ithree Isub-questions I(core Iarguments?; Iwhy Iinfluential?; Icriticisms?) Iwill Ibasically Irepeat Iwhat Istudents Ihave Iread Iin Ithe Itext I(pp. I303–305). IStudents Imight Igo Ion Ito Idiscuss Idifferent Imodels Iof Imanagerial Icontrol I(pp. I305–309), Ior Imore Irecent Ievidence Iof Ideskilling Iand Ienskilling I(pp. I310–312), Ibut Ithis Iis Inot Ireally Inecessary. IThe Ifourth Isub-question I(personal Iexperience?) Imay Igenerate Isome Iinteresting Ianecdotes, Ibut Ithey Ishould Ibe Idescribed Ias Iif IBraverman Ihad Ibeen Iin Ithe Ijob. I 27. See IDiscussion IQuestions Iat Ithe Iend Iof IChapter I10 Ifor Iadditional Iideas Ifor Iexamination Iessay Iquestions.