C11_TB_Krahn_WICS7e

Chapter I11: IUnions Iand IIndustrial IRelations I Multiple-Choice IQuestions Identify Ithe Ichoice Ithat Ibest Ianswers Ithe Iquestion. 1. I According Ito Imainstream Iindustrial Irelations Itheory, Ithe Irules Iand Iregulations Iregarding Icollective Iagreements Ihave Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ifunctions? a. To Iensure Ithat Ithe Igovernment Idoes Inot Ihave Ito Iget Iinvolved Iin Ilabour Irelations. I b. To Iinject Istability Iinto Iemployment Irelations Iby Imaking Isure Iunions Idon’t Ihave Itoo Imuch Ipower. I c. To Iinject Istability Iinto Iemployment Irelations Iby Itilting Ithe Ibalance Iof Ipower Islightly Iaway Ifrom Imanagement. I d. To Idiscourage Iworkers Ifrom Ijoining Iunions. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I330 BLM: Remember 2. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iscenarios Iwould Ibe Ian Iexample Iof Iwhat IC. IWright IMills Ihad Iin Imind Iwhen Ihe Isaid Ithat Iunions Iwere I“managers Iof Idiscontent?” I a. Union Iorganizers Isigning Iup Imembers Iin Ia Inonunionized Iworkplace. I b. Union Ileaders Itrying Ito Iconvince Itheir Imembers Ithat Ia Inew Iwage Ioffer Ireceived Ifrom Itheir Iemployer Iwas Inot Igood Ienough. I c. Union Ileaders Itrying Ito Iconvince Itheir Imembers Ito Inot Igo Ion Istrike Ibecause Itheir Icollective Iagreement Ihad Inot Iyet Iexpired. I d. Leaders Iof Ione Iunion Itrying Ito Iencourage Imembers Iof Ianother Iunion Ito Ileave Ithat Iunion Iand Ijoin Itheirs. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I331 BLM: Higher IOrder 3. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwould Ibe Ievidence Iin Isupport Iof IRobert IMichels’s I“iron Ilaw Iof Ioligarchy?” I a. Union Ileaders Imanipulating Iunion Iactivities Iin Iorder Ito Istay Iin Ipower. I b. Strong Iworker Igroups Iopposing Ithe Idecisions Iof Iunion Ileaders. I c. High Ilevels Iof Iattendance Iby Imembers Iat Iunion Imeetings. I d. Corporate Imanagers Iinfluencing Ihow Iunion Imembers Ivote Iduring Iunion Ielections. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I332 BLM: Higher IOrder 4. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Idescribes Iresults Iof Iresearch Ion Ithe Ieconomic Iimpact Iof Iunions? I a. Overall, Iunions Ilead Ito Ireduced Iproductivity Iin Iunionized Iworkplaces. I b. At Ithe Isocietal Ilevel, Iunions Iare Iassociated Iwith Ilower Iwage Iinequality.   c. On Iaverage, Ithey Ihave Ivirtually Ino Ieffect Ion Iemployees’ Iwages. I d. They Igenerally Ilead Ito Ihigher Iwages Ifor Imembers, Ibut Ihave Ino Iother Ireal Ieffect Ion Iworking Iconditions Ior Iemployment Irelationships. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I333–334 BLM: Remember 5. I Union IX Irepresents Ithe I1,200 Iworkers Iemployed Iin Ia ICanada IBicycle ICorporation I(CBC) Ifactory Iin Ia Ilarge ICanadian Icity. IThe Iunion Ihas Inot Ibeen Iall Ithat Isuccessful Iin Inegotiating Ihigher Iwages Ifor Iits Iworkers, Ibut Iit Ihas Ibeen Iable Ito Iconvince Imanagement Ito Iallow Iworkers Ito Imake Idecisions Iabout Ihow Ito Ido Itheir Ijobs Iand Ito Ilisten Ito Iworkers’ Isuggestions Ifor Iimproving Ihealth Iand Isafety Iin Ithe Ifactory. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iperspectives Ion Iunionism Iis IUnion IX Ihighlighting, Iaccording Ito IRichard IFreeman Iand IJames IMedoff? I a. The I“managers Iof Idiscontent” Iperspective. I b. The I“social Iunionism” Iperspective. I c. The I“monopoly Iface” Iof Iunionism. d. The I“collective Ivoice” Iface Iof Iunionism. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I334 BLM: Higher IOrder 6. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idistinguishes Icraft Iunions Ifrom Iindustrial Iunions? I a. Craft Iunions Iexist Ionly Iin IQuebec; Iindustrial Iunions Iare Iactive Iin Iall Iparts Iof ICanada. I b. Craft Iunions Irepresent Ispecific Ioccupations; Iindustrial Iunions Itry Ito Iorganize Iall Ithe Iworkers Iin Ia Iparticular Iindustry I c. Craft Iunions Iare Imainly Ifound Iin Ideveloping Icountries; Iindustrial Iunions Iare Imost Icommon Iin Iindustrialized Ieconomies. d. Craft Iunions Iare Igaining Imembers; Iindustrial Iunions Iare Ideclining Iin Isize. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: pp. I335–336 BLM: Higher IOrder 7. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Idescriptions Ibest Idefines Ian I“industrial Iunion?” a. Unions Iwith Imembership Iin Ithe Imanufacturing Iindustries. I b. Unions Iwith Itheir Ihead Ioffices Iin Ithe IUnited IStates. I c. Unions Ithat Ifocus Imainly Ion Iimproving Iwages Iand Iworking Iconditions. I d. Unions Ithat Itry Ito Iorganize Iall Ithe Iworkers Iin Ia Iparticular Iindustry. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I336 BLM: Remember 8. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ia Iunique Ifeature Iof Ithe Ilabour Imovement Iin IQuebec? a. Many Icontemporary Iunions Iwere Ioriginally Iorganized Iby Ithe IRoman ICatholic IChurch. b. A Imuch Ilower Idegree Iof Icentralized Ibargaining Ithan Ielsewhere Iin ICanada. I   c. Despite Ia Ihigh Ilevel Iof Inationalism Iin IQuebec, Iunions Iin Ithe Iprovince Ihave Iavoided Igetting Iinvolved Iin Idebates Iabout Iseparatism Iand Isovereignty. I d. The Iwillingness Iof Iunions Ito Iaccept Iprovincial Ilegislation Iallowing Istrike-breaking Iby Iemployers. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I338 BLM: Remember 9. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Idescribes Ithe I“Rand IFormula”? a. It Iis Iused Ito Idetermine Iwhat Ipercentage Iof Ian Iemployee’s Iearnings Ican Ibe Ideducted Ifor Iunion Imembership Idues. I I b. It Iidentifies Ithe Ipublic Isectors Iin Iwhich Iworkers Iare Inot Iallowed Ito Istrike Ibecause Iof Ithe Ipercentage Iof Icitizens Iwho Imight Ibe Inegatively Iaffected. I c. It Irequires Iemployers Ito Ideduct Iunion Idues Ifrom Iall Iemployees Iin Ia Iworkplace Ithat Iis Iunionized, Iwhether Ior Inot Ithey Ibelong Ito Ithe Iunion. d. It Iis Iused Ito Idetermine Iwhether Ior Inot Ian Iinternational Iunion Ican Ibe Iforced Ito Iallow ICanadian Iworkers Ito Iset Iup Itheir Iown Iunion. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I339 BLM: Remember 10. I Leo IPanitch Iand IDonald ISwartz Iuse Ithe Iphrase Ipermanent Iexceptionalism Ito Idescribe Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ilabour Irelations Itrends Iin ICanada? a. The Ishift Ifrom Icraft Iunions Ito Iindustrial Iunions. I b. The ICanadianization Iof Iformerly Iinternational Iunions. I c. Attempts Ito Iintroduce I“right-to-work” Ilaws Iin ICanada. I d. Repeated Igovernment Iintervention Iin Icollective Ibargaining Iover Ithe Ipast Ifew Idecades. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I340 BLM: Higher IOrder 11. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Idescribes Ithe Idifference Ibetween I“union Idensity” Iand I“collective Ibargaining Icoverage?” a. Because Iit Iincludes Iagricultural Iworkers, Iunion Idensity Iis Iusually Ia Ibit Ihigher Ithan Icollective Ibargaining Icoverage. I b. Union Idensity Idescribes Ithe Istrength Iof Iunions Iin Ithe Iprivate Isector; Icollective Ibargaining Icoverage Imeans Ithe Isame Ithing Iin Ithe Ipublic Isector. c. Collective Ibargaining Icoverage Iis Iusually Ia Ibit Ihigher Isince Isome Inonunion Imembers Istill Ireceive Ithe Iwages Iand Ibenefits Inegotiated Iby Iunions. I d. Collective Ibargaining Icoverage Iis Ithe IUnited IStates’ Iterm Ifor Iwhat Iwe Irefer Ito Ias Iunion Idensity Iin ICanada. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I341–342 BLM: Higher IOrder 12. I Unionization Iin ICanada Ihas Ibeen Icharacterized Iby Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Itrends? a. Overall, Iunion Imembership Ihas Ideclined Isomewhat Isince Ithe I1980s. I b. Newfoundland Iand ILabrador Ihas Ithe Ilowest Irate Iof Iunionization. I   c. Women Iare Istill Iless Ilikely Ito Ibe Iunion Imembers Ithan Imen. d. The Irate Iof Iunionization Iis Ilower Iin Ithe Ipublic Isector Ithan Iin Ithe Iprivate Isector. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I343, I349 BLM: Remember 13. I Despite Irelatively Ilow Ilevels Iof Iunion Idensity Iin Iwestern IEuropean Icountries Ilike IGermany Iand IFrance, Iunions Ihave Ia Istrong Iimpact Ion Iwage Isettlements Ifor Ia Imajority Iof Iworkers. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Iexplains Ithis Isituation? a. Highly Icentralized Icollective Ibargaining Iin Iwhich Inational Iunions Inegotiate Iwith Iemployer Ifederations. I b. Decentralized Ibargaining, Iwhereby Ilocal Iunions Inegotiate Iwith Ilocal Iemployers. c. European IUnion Ilegislation Ithat Irequires Iworkers Iin Iall IEU Icountries Ito Ireceive Isimilar Iwage Isettlements. I d. Union Idensity Iis Imeasured Idifferently Iin Ithese Itwo Icountries. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I344–345 BLM: Higher IOrder 14. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Idefines I“transnational Iunion Inetworks?” a. Agreements Ibetween Iunions Iin Idifferent Icountries Ithat Iallow Imembers Ito Ieasily Itransfer Imembership Ifrom Ione Iunion Ito Ianother. I b. Historical Iagreements Ibetween Ithe ICanadian ILabour ICongress Iand Ithe IAmerican IFederation Iof ILabor. I c. Limitations Ion Ithe Irights Iof Iunions Iincluded Iin IFree ITrade IAgreements Ibetween Icountries Ilike ICanada, Ithe IUnited IStates, Iand IMexico. I d. Linkages Ibetween Iunions Iin Idifferent Iparts Iof Ithe Iworld Ithat Iallow Ithem Ito Ipursue Icommon Igoals Ilike Iimproved Ihuman Irights. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I346 BLM: Remember 15. I Feminist Ischolars Ihave Icontributed Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iinsights Iabout ICanadian Iunions? I a. Women Ibegan Ito Ibecome Iactive Iunionists Ionce Ithey Istarted Iworking Iin Ithe Isame Ioccupations Ias Imen. I b. Despite Igrowing Ifemale Imembership Iin Iunions, Iwomen Ihave Istill Inever Iheld Ikey Ileadership Ipositions. I c. While Icompany Imanagers Ihave Ioften Iexhibited Ipatriarchal Iattitudes, Imale Iunion Imembers Ihave Igenerally Inot Idone Iso. I d. There Iis Ia Ilong Ihistory Iof Icollective Iaction Iin Ipredominantly Ifemale Ioccupations. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: pp. I352–353 BLM: Higher IOrder   16. I A Ilarge Ifarm Iequipment Imanufacturing Icompany Isets Iup Ian Iemployee Iassociation Ithat Iprovides Iworkers Iwith Iopportunities Ito Iconsult Ion Ijob Iredesign Iand Ithe Iintroduction Iof Inew Iproduction Itechnologies. IA Ilarge Iindustrial Iunion Ithat Ihas Ibeen Itrying Ito Iorganize Ithis Ifactory Iis Ifrustrated Iby Ithis Itactic. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ithe Ibest Iexplanation Iof Iwhy Ithe Iunion Imight Ibe Ifrustrated? a. Once Ian Iemployee Iassociation Iexists Iin Ia Iworkplace, Iunions Icannot Itry Ito Isign Iup Ithe Iworkers. I b. Workers Iare Inow Iless Ilikely Ito Isee Ithe Ineed Ifor Ia Iunion Iin Itheir Iworkplace, Iand Iwill Ibe Iless Ilikely Ito Ijoin. I c. Employee Iassociation Imembers Iwill Inot Ihave Ito Ipay Iunion Idues, Ieven Iif Ia Iunion Iis Iformed. I d. Even Iif Ia Iunion Iis Iformed, Istrikes Iwill Inot Ibe Iallowed Ibecause Iof Ithe Iexistence Iof Ithe Iemployee Iassociation. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I354 BLM: Higher IOrder 17. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ithe Ibest Idescription Iof Ia I“wildcat Istrike? a. A Istrike Ithat Iturns Iviolent. I b. An Iunauthorized Istrike Iduring Ithe Iterm Iof Ia Icollective Iagreement. I c. A Istrike Ifrom Iwhich Iemployees Igain Inothing. d. A Istrike Icalled Iby Iunion Ileaders Idespite Istrong Iopposition Ifrom Iunion Imembers. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I359 BLM: Remember 18. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Idescribes Ithe I1919 IWinnipeg IGeneral IStrike? a. It Irepresents Ione Iof Ithe Ifew Iexamples Iof Iopen Iclass Iwarfare Iin ICanada. I b. The Istrike Iwas Ia Isignificant Ievent Iin IWinnipeg, Ibut Iwas Inot Ireally Inoticed Ielsewhere. I c. The Igovernment Iremained Ineutral, Iforcing Iunions Iand Iemployers Ito Inegotiate. I d. The Iunions Iinvolved Iwere Ifighting Iagainst Inew I“right-to-work” Ilaws Ibeing Iintroduced Iby Ithe Iprovincial Igovernment. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I362 BLM: Remember 19. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Ibest Iexplains Iwhy ICanada’s Istrike Irecord Iwas Ihigher Ithan Ithat Iof Imany Iwestern Iindustrialized Icountries Iin Ithe Ilast Ifew Idecades Iof Ithe I20th Icentury? a. Canadian Iworkers Ihave Itypically Ibeen Imore Ipolitically Iradical. I b. Canadian Iemployers Ihave Ibeen Imuch Imore Iaggressive Iin Ifighting Iunions. I c. Union Inegotiations Iin ICanada Iare Imuch Imore Ifragmented Iand Idecentralized. d. Canadian Ilabour Ilegislation Imade Iit Imuch Ieasier Ifor Iworkers Ito Igo Ion Istrike. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I364 BLM: Remember   20. I In Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Itypes Iof Iindustries Iwould IKerr Iand ISiegel Ipredict Ihigh Istrike Irates, Iaccording Ito Itheir I“isolation Ihypothesis?” a. Industries Iwhere Isocial Iisolation Ikeeps Iworkers Iuninformed Iabout Ithe Ilarger Iworld. I b. Industries Iwhere Isocial Iisolation Iand Ilimited Ioccupational Ihierarchies Ilead Ito Icohesive Iwork Igroups. I c. Industries Iwhere Iworkers Iare Iisolated Ifrom Isocial Ivalues Iencouraging Iconsensus Iinstead Iof Iconflict. I d. Industries Ithat Iare Iisolated Ifrom Ilabour Ilaws Iand Iarbitration Iprocedures Idesigned Ito Iavoid Iconflict. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: pp. I364–365 BLM: Higher IOrder Short IAnswer IQuestions I 21. I C. IWright IMills Ionce Idescribed Iunions Iin INorth IAmerica Ias I“managers Iof Idiscontent.” IIn Ia Ifew Isentences, Iexplain Iwhat Ihe Imeant Iby Ithis Iterm. I REF: Ip. I330 I 22. I Define Iand Ibriefly Idiscuss Ithe Iconcepts Iof I“business Iunionism” Iand I“social Iunionism.” I REF: Ipp. I332–333 I 23. In Ia Ifew Isentences, Iexplain Ithe Isignificance Iof Ithe IRand IFormula Ifor ICanada’s Isystem Iof Iindustrial Irelations. I REF: Ip. I339 24. I Workers Iface Ia Inumber Iof Idilemmas Iwhen Ideciding Iwhether Ito Ijoin Ia Iunion Iand, Iif Ialready Ia Imember, Iwhether Ito Ibecome Ian Iactivist. IDescribe Ithe I“free Irider” Iproblem Iand Ithe I“exit Ivs. Ivoice” Imethods Ithat Iworkers Ican Iuse Ito Iexpress Idiscontent Iwith Iunsatisfactory Iworking Iconditions Iand Iemployment Icontracts. REF: Ipp. I356–357 Essay IQuestions I 25. In Ithe ICanadian Iindustrial Irelations Isystem, Ithe Istate I(government) Iis Imeant Ito Iact Ias Ian I“impartial Iumpire.” IDiscuss Iwhat Iis Imeant Iby Ithis Iconcept, Iand Isome Iof Ithe Ikey Imechanisms Iemployed Iby Ithe Istate Iin Iattempting Ito Iachieve Ithis Igoal. IIn Iyour Iopinion, Ihow Isuccessful Ihas Ithe ICanadian Istate Ibeen Iin Ireaching Ithis Igoal? I(p. I338) Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Ishould Ibe Iable Ito Idefine Ithe Iconcepts I(pp. I338–339) Iand Ishould Ibe Iable Ito Idiscuss Isome Iof Ithe Imechanisms Iemployed I(e.g., Imediation, Iprotecting Icollective Ibargaining Irights). IAn Iexplanation Iof Ithe IRand IFormula I(p. I339) Iwould Iadd Ito Ithe Ianswer. IRegarding Isuccess, Istudents Imight Ipoint Ito Ithe Idecline Iin Istrikes I(p. I361) Ias Ievidence Iof Isuccess, Ibut Ithis Imight Ialso Imean Ithat Iunions Ihave Ibeen Iweakened. IA Igood Ianswer Iwould Idiscuss Ithe Idilemma Iof Idealing Iwith Ipublic-sector Iunions, Iand Ipossibly Ilegislating Ithem Iback Ito Iwork I(the Istate Iis Inot Ian Iimpartial Iumpire Iwhen Iit Iis Ialso Ithe Iemployer). IStudents Imight Ialso Icomment Ion Irecent Igovernment Iattempts Ito Imake Ilabour Ilegislation Imore Irestrictive I(p. I366). I 26. “Unionism Iis Iessentially Ia I20th Icentury Iphenomenon, Iand Iwill Ilikely Inot Ibe Ia Isignificant Ifactor Iin Ithe I21st Icentury.” ICritically Idiscuss Ithis Istatement Iwith Ireference Ito Icurrent Iand Ipast Iunionization Itrends Iin ICanada Iand Ielsewhere. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Imight Iagree, Ipointing Ito Ideclining Iunionization Irates Ielsewhere Ias Ia Isign Iof Iwhat Iis Ito Icome Iin ICanada, Iand Iperhaps Iarguing Ithat Iglobalization Imakes Iunions Iless Ieffective Iand Ithat Inew Imanagerial Iapproaches I(Chapter I9) Imake Ithem Iredundant. IAlternatively, Istudents Imight Idisagree I(as Idoes Ithe Itextbook), Iarguing Ithat Iunions Icontinue Ito Iserve Ian Iimportant Ifunction Iand, Ihence, Iwill Ibe Iattractive Ito Iworkers, Iat Ileast Iin Isome Iindustries. IThey Imight Ipoint Ito Ievidence Iof Ithe Igrowth Iof Ipublic-sector Iunions Iin ICanada, Iwhich Ihas Ikept Iunionization Irates Ifairly Istable. IThey Imight Ialso Iargue Ithat Iunions Iare Ichanging Ito Iadapt, Iincluding I(a) Imerging I(e.g., IUnifor) Ito Istay Istrong, I(b) Icreating Iinternational Ialliances, I(c) Ishifting Ifrom Ian Iemphasis Ion Ibusiness Iunion Ito Isocial Iunionism Ior Isocial Imovement Iunionism, Iand I(d) Itrying Ito Iorganize Iworkers Iin Ithe Isecondary Ilabour Imarket. I 27. How Ihave ICanadian Iunions Ichanged Iover Ithe Ipast Icentury? IIn Iyour Iopinion, Iwhat Iare Isome Iof Ithe Ikey Ichallenges Ithey Iface Itoday? I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IA Igood Ianswer Ishould Idescribe Ithe Ishift Ifrom Icraft Ito Iindustrial Iand Ipublic-sector Iunions, Ithe ICanadianization Iof Iunions, Itheir Iincreased Isize, Iand Ithe Iincreased Iinvolvement Iof Iwomen Iin Iunions Iand Ichanges Ithat Iresulted Ifrom Ithis. IStudents Imight Ialso Imention Irecent Ishifts Ito Isocial Iunionism, Ithe Iwillingness Iof Ia Ifew Iunions Ito Iget Iinvolved Iwith Inew Imanagement Iapproaches, Iand Ithe Irecent Iformation Iof Iglobal Iunion Inetworks. IKey Ichallenges Iinclude Inew Imanagement Iapproaches Ithat Ican Iundercut Iunion Istrength, Ishifts Iin Ithe Ipolitical Iclimate I(i.e., Ineo-liberalism) Ithat Imight Itranslate Iinto Ilabour Ilegislation Ichanges I(e.g., I“right-to-work” Ilaws), Ithe Igrowing Ineed Ito Iorganize Isecondary Isector Iworkers, Iand Iother Iconcerns Ithat Istudents Imight Iraise. I 28. See IDiscussion IQuestions Iat Ithe Iend Iof IChapter I11 Ifor Iadditional Iideas Ifor Iexamination Iessay Iquestions. I