ANATOMY
1) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
2) Equalizes temperature in the body
Cells - - Smallest unit of a living organism
Cells make up ________, _____________ make up organs, _________ make up organ
system - 1) - Tissues
2) - Tissues
3) - Organs
Compare and contrast chemical levels of organization from the human body's level of
organization. - - The chemical levels of organization are: subatomic particles, atoms and
molecules.
- The human body's level of organization are: organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ
system= make up an organism (human being).
Compare and contrast oxygen versus carbon dioxide for human life. - 1) - Oxygen: Key
component that keeps the body alive and it is needed to produce ATP. It is also the final
electron carrier
2) Carbon Dioxide: We breath in O2 and release CO2 (waste gas).
Decompression Sickness (DCS) - - This occurs when pressure is reduced. When this
happens, less gas will remain dissolved.
Define anabolism - - It is the process in which smaller molecules are COMBINED into
larger substances. Our body is capable of building reactions by consuming energy from
the foods we eat.
Define catabolism - - It is the process in which larger molecules are BROKEN DOWN
into smaller molecules. When the breaking of materials happen, energy is released.
Define computed tomography (CT scan) - - Bunch of x rays throughout --> creates a 3D
image
- Reveals very small details, bones and soft tissue can show tumor.
- More radiation, but more of a detailed picture
Define homeostasis - - Ability to maintain internal stability in an organism in response to
environmental changes
- = maintaining the physiological state
Define macroscopic/gross anatomy? - - Study of the larger structures of the body,
visible at the naked eye
- With our naked eye, we can see external and internal structures
- For ex: the brain (internal structure)
Define magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) - - Uses radio waves, a powerful magnet,
and a computer to make series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body.
- Radiopharmaceutical ingested with short radioactive half life
- Discovered tumors
Define physiology - - Deals with the FUNCTIONS that keeps the body alive and to
remain at homeostasis
Define positron emission tomography (PET) - - Uses a tracer to show both normal and
abnormal metabolic activity.
- You can see lots of activity here!!!
, Define ultrasonography - - Sound waves
- Deals with the fetal growth and development
- Least invasive
Define X-ray - - One x-ray after another--> very detailed image
Describe the process in which oxygen is included in? - - Electrons are being passed and
a proton is being placed in the mitochondria. Protons flow and a proton gradient is made
by passing the electron. The last electron will go to the oxygen, and as a result, water
will be made.
Digestive System - - Organs include: stomach, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small
intestine
- Function:
1) Processes food for use by the body
2) Removes wastes from undigested food
Endocrine System - - Organs include: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal
glands and testes
- Function:
1) Secretes hormones
2) Regulates bodily processes
Female reproductive system - - Organs include: mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
- Function:
1) Produces sex hormones and gametes
2) Supports embryo/fetus until birth
3) Produces milk for infant
First law of thermodynamics - - States that energy can neither be created nor destroyed,
it can only change form
Frontal plane (coronal) -
How are all the branches of anatomy similar? - - They all focus on the study of the
body's structures and how they all work together
How does ATP work? - - Every cell uses ATP to store and release energy. The cell
stores energy in the process of anabolism, then moves the ATP molecules to the
location where energy is needed, in order to fuel cellular activities. Then, the ATP is
broken down (catabolism) and energy is released, which is used by the cell to perform a
specific job.
How does controlled hypothermia help in medical treatment? - - The body will eventually
cool down, the heart is stopped and the heart-lung pump is used to maintain circulation
to the patient's body. The heart is cooled further and is maintained at 60 degree F for
the rest of the surgery.
- This very cold temperature helps the heart tolerate its lack of blood supply during the
surgery.
How is childbirth part of the positive feedback loop? - - Contraction of the uterus during
childbirth causes the release of oxytocin, which stimulates stronger contractions of the
uterus, causing more oxytocin release.
Integumentary System - - Organs include: hair, skin and nails
- Function:
1) encloses internal body structures
2) it is a site of many sensory receptors
1) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
2) Equalizes temperature in the body
Cells - - Smallest unit of a living organism
Cells make up ________, _____________ make up organs, _________ make up organ
system - 1) - Tissues
2) - Tissues
3) - Organs
Compare and contrast chemical levels of organization from the human body's level of
organization. - - The chemical levels of organization are: subatomic particles, atoms and
molecules.
- The human body's level of organization are: organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ
system= make up an organism (human being).
Compare and contrast oxygen versus carbon dioxide for human life. - 1) - Oxygen: Key
component that keeps the body alive and it is needed to produce ATP. It is also the final
electron carrier
2) Carbon Dioxide: We breath in O2 and release CO2 (waste gas).
Decompression Sickness (DCS) - - This occurs when pressure is reduced. When this
happens, less gas will remain dissolved.
Define anabolism - - It is the process in which smaller molecules are COMBINED into
larger substances. Our body is capable of building reactions by consuming energy from
the foods we eat.
Define catabolism - - It is the process in which larger molecules are BROKEN DOWN
into smaller molecules. When the breaking of materials happen, energy is released.
Define computed tomography (CT scan) - - Bunch of x rays throughout --> creates a 3D
image
- Reveals very small details, bones and soft tissue can show tumor.
- More radiation, but more of a detailed picture
Define homeostasis - - Ability to maintain internal stability in an organism in response to
environmental changes
- = maintaining the physiological state
Define macroscopic/gross anatomy? - - Study of the larger structures of the body,
visible at the naked eye
- With our naked eye, we can see external and internal structures
- For ex: the brain (internal structure)
Define magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) - - Uses radio waves, a powerful magnet,
and a computer to make series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body.
- Radiopharmaceutical ingested with short radioactive half life
- Discovered tumors
Define physiology - - Deals with the FUNCTIONS that keeps the body alive and to
remain at homeostasis
Define positron emission tomography (PET) - - Uses a tracer to show both normal and
abnormal metabolic activity.
- You can see lots of activity here!!!
, Define ultrasonography - - Sound waves
- Deals with the fetal growth and development
- Least invasive
Define X-ray - - One x-ray after another--> very detailed image
Describe the process in which oxygen is included in? - - Electrons are being passed and
a proton is being placed in the mitochondria. Protons flow and a proton gradient is made
by passing the electron. The last electron will go to the oxygen, and as a result, water
will be made.
Digestive System - - Organs include: stomach, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small
intestine
- Function:
1) Processes food for use by the body
2) Removes wastes from undigested food
Endocrine System - - Organs include: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal
glands and testes
- Function:
1) Secretes hormones
2) Regulates bodily processes
Female reproductive system - - Organs include: mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
- Function:
1) Produces sex hormones and gametes
2) Supports embryo/fetus until birth
3) Produces milk for infant
First law of thermodynamics - - States that energy can neither be created nor destroyed,
it can only change form
Frontal plane (coronal) -
How are all the branches of anatomy similar? - - They all focus on the study of the
body's structures and how they all work together
How does ATP work? - - Every cell uses ATP to store and release energy. The cell
stores energy in the process of anabolism, then moves the ATP molecules to the
location where energy is needed, in order to fuel cellular activities. Then, the ATP is
broken down (catabolism) and energy is released, which is used by the cell to perform a
specific job.
How does controlled hypothermia help in medical treatment? - - The body will eventually
cool down, the heart is stopped and the heart-lung pump is used to maintain circulation
to the patient's body. The heart is cooled further and is maintained at 60 degree F for
the rest of the surgery.
- This very cold temperature helps the heart tolerate its lack of blood supply during the
surgery.
How is childbirth part of the positive feedback loop? - - Contraction of the uterus during
childbirth causes the release of oxytocin, which stimulates stronger contractions of the
uterus, causing more oxytocin release.
Integumentary System - - Organs include: hair, skin and nails
- Function:
1) encloses internal body structures
2) it is a site of many sensory receptors
